定频房间空调器APF的不确定度评定方法研究

新版房间空调器的能效标准GB 21455-2019《房间空气调节器能效限定值及能效等级》中将定频热泵型房间空调器能效等级评价指标调整为全年能源消耗效率APF值,为了提高检测质量,评定APF的不确定度显得尤为重要.通过空气焓值法对空调器性能进行测试,对APF的计算、测量以及不确定度的评估等进行了分析,得到APF的相对扩展不确定度为1.96％,其中额定制冷量引入的不确定度分量最大,占比达75.11％.以额定制冷工况为例,对额定制冷量影响较大的测量参数为室内侧进风湿球温度和室内侧出风湿球温度,不确定度分量占比分别达51.99％和36.42％.     

基于模糊控制的压缩空气储能调频

为了避免流量突破喘振或堵塞线,CAES系统中的离心式压缩机通常不能应用负荷频率控制,这在一定程度上降低了压缩机调频性能.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于模糊控制的CAES调频方法.该方法可以在保证压缩机流量不越限的基础上更充分地调节压缩机参考功率,从而改善系统调频的动态性能.利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立了60 MW充电/70 MW放电的补燃型压缩空气储能系统和风电渗透测试系统的仿真模型.结果表明,该方法可以有效降低系统波动可再生能源功率注入时产生的频率偏移量峰值、频率偏移量均方根值,从而提高CAES的频率支撑能力.     

基于改进快速幂次趋近律的永磁同步电机滑模控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)滑模控制指数趋近律中趋近速度与抖振之间的矛盾问题,基于快速幂次趋近律提出一种幂次项系数自适应调节的新型趋近律。所提趋近律将系统状态引入幂次项系数中,实现了系统状态由较远处到滑模面附近的趋近过程中加入幂次项的作用,在保证幂次项特点的前提下,动态响应过程的收敛速度大大提高。负载转矩是滑模速度控制器中的一个扰动项,设计了带有幂次项的滑模观测器,将观测值作为转矩前馈补偿。仿真结果表明,与快速幂次趋近律相比,所提趋近律具有更快的收敛速度,负载观测器能准确跟踪负载变化,提升了系统抗扰性能。     

西江流域压咸风险调度及其时空传递规律研究

枯水期珠江河口咸潮情势日益加重,径流不确定加剧了压咸风险,严重威胁沿线的供水安全。本文基于概率密度分布描述径流不确定性,构建了单源风险调度基本框架。以西江流域五座水库为研究对象,量化了预报误差与压咸风险的响应关系;揭示了压咸风险的时空传递规律;将压咸风险划分为3个等级;确定出各级风险越级传递的临界阈值。研究表明：随预报误差的增大,压咸风险提前且持续天数增加、风险率增大;压咸风险呈逐时段累积和从上游向下游、从支流向干流的时空传递规律;当预报误差超过±16%、±21%时,压咸风险从轻险越级至中险、中险越级至重险。研究成果对于西江流域压咸风险的调控和粤港澳大湾区的供水安全具有重要的应用价值。     

Nickel-Carnosine complex:A new carrier for enzymes immobilization by affinity adsorption

Immobilization is an effective method to promote the application of enzyme industry for improving the stability and realizing recovery of enzyme.To some extent,the performance of immobilized enzyme depends on the choice of carrier material.Therefore,the development of new carrier materials has been one of the key issues concerned by enzyme immobilization researchers.In this work,a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material,nickel-carnosine complex (NiCar),was synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method.The obtained NiCar exhibits spherical morphology,hierarchical porosity and abun-dant unsaturated coordination nickel ions,which provide excellent anchoring sites for the immobiliza-tion of proteins.His-tagged organophosphate-degrading enzyme (OpdA) and ω-transaminase (ω-TA)were used as model enzymes to evaluate the performance of NiCar as a carrier.By a simple adsorption process,the enzyme molecules can be fixed on the particles of NiCar,and the stability and reusability are significantly improved.The analysis of protein adsorption on NiCar verified that the affinity adsorp-tion between the imidazole functional group on the protein and the unsaturated coordination nickel ions on NiCar was the main force in the immobilization process,which provided an idea way for the develop-ment of new enzyme immobilization carriers.     

3D Prussian blue/Pt decorated carbon nanofibers based screen-printed microchips for the ultrasensitive hydroquinone biosensing

Nowadays,water pollution has become more serious,greatly affecting human life and healthy.Electrochemical biosensor,a novel and rapid detection technique,plays an important role in the real-time and trace detection of water pollutants.However,the stability and sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors remain a great challenge for practical detections in real samples to the strong interferences derived from complex components and coagulation effects.In this work,we reported a novel three-dimensional architecture of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs)/ Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) composite film,using 3D interweaved carbon nanofibers as a supporting matrix,for the construction of screen-printed microchips-based biosensor.PtNPs with diameters of～2.5 nm was highly dispersed on the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to build a 3D skeleton nanostructure through a solvothermal reduction.Subsequently,uniform PBNPs were in-situ self-assembled on this skeleton to construct a 3D architecture of PB/Pt-CNF composite film.Due to the synergistic effects derived from this special feature,the as-prepared hydro-quinone (HQ) biosensor chips can synchronously promote both surface area and conductivity to greatly enhance the electrocatalysis from enzymatic reaction.This biosensor has exhibited a high sensitivity of 220.28 μA·L·mmol-1·cm-2 with an ultrawide linear range from 2.5μmol·L-1 to 1.45 mmol·L-1 at a low potential of 0.15 V,as well as the satisfactory reproducibility and usage stability.Besides,its accuracy was also verified in the assays of real water samples.It is highly expected that the 3D PB/Pt-CNF based screen-printed microchips will have wide applications in dynamic monitoring and early warning of ana-lytes in the various practical fields.     

基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法

金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)阻性电流测量受环境干扰、高频噪声干扰和脉冲干扰等因素的影响,阻性电流实测信号必然含有多种强干扰成分.针对传统阻性电流去干扰方法在多种并发干扰情形下难以适用的难题,提出了一种基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法.首先,依据阻性电流中周期干扰的基波频率、采样频率和特征频率是否被间谐波浸没的特点,选取最佳分解层数和最优小波基;其次,对MOA阻性电流进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD),将含有特征频率的模态分量再使用小波包变换(wavelet packet transform,WPT),使每个子信号最多含有一个特征频率;再采用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)准确提取所有子信号中的周期分量;最后,从原信号中准确消除阻性电流受到的周期干扰,然后通过指数加权平均算法得到能真实反映MOA工况的阻性电流变化趋势.将模拟信号和工程实测数据与多种经典方法进行比较,结果证明:所提方法能消除阻性电流的多种干扰,得到能真实反映MOA实时工况的阻性电流,其结果满足实际工程测量的要求.     

脉冲作用下Tesla变压器绕组形变故障机理

Tesla变压器在高功率脉冲电源中占有重要地位,其次级绕组是机械故障损坏的主要部位.为了研究次级绕组充电过程中所受动态电磁力以及绕组机械故障机理,建立了有限元模型与集总电路相结合的绕组受力仿真模型.先使用COMSOL有限元分析软件提取Tesla变压器的分布参数,构建求解集总参数电路得到次级线圈的电位电流分布,然后将电流分布赋给有限元模型中的次级线圈作为磁场场源,计算磁场以及电磁力分布.仿真结果验证了平行于锥形线圈母线上的电磁力分量是引起绕组线圈错位的主要原因,且错位力的分布集中在两端,垂直于线圈母线上的压紧力有抵抗绕组变形的能力,在同样卷绕力下大径端的压紧力最小,是整个绕组受力的薄弱点,与实际统计结果大径端处故障频率高一致.在Tesla变压器的设计中应着重考虑加强次级绕组大径端处的机械强度.     

考虑有功-无功协同优化的风场、光伏电站储能系统容量配置研究

为促进配网对风电、光伏的消纳,减少因高渗透率的分布式电源导致的电压波动,构建了以储能投资成本、购电成本、弃风弃光成本和网损成本最小为目标的蓄电池储能系统容量优化配置模型.首先,利用具有四象限运行特性的储能系统、有载调压变压器、分组投切电容器组对配网的有功无功进行协同优化.然后,采用融合时空关联特性的极限场景集描述可再生能源出力,使用大M法和二阶锥松弛技术将上述模型转化为混合整数线性规划问题,求解得到储能最优容量配置和有功-无功协同优化策略.最后,以IEEE-33节点系统为例进行分析.仿真结果表明,所提模型和方法能够提高配电网的电压质量和风电、光伏的消纳水平.     

CLLLC谐振式变换器的广义预测控制

针对CLLLC谐振式双向DC/DC变换器的模型复杂、环路设计困难以及动态特性慢等问题,提出了一种基于低阶等效模型的广义预测电压控制GPVC(generalized predictive voltage control)算法.首先通过扫频方法拟合得到变换器低阶等效模型;其次设计一种基于模型的GPVC策略,构建成本函数;最后,搭建实验样机实现预测电压控制算法.实验结果证明了所提控制策略的有效性,在多种工况下相比传统PI控制方法具有更优的稳态性、动态性和鲁棒性.