Synthesis of hollow porous carbon nanospheres from coal tar for adsorption of Direct Black 38 dye

A hollow porous carbon nanospheres (HPCNs) material which suits for adsorption of Direct Black 38 (DB38) was prepared from coal tar using zinc acetate as a template coupled with KOH activation. The synthesized HPCNs features with nanospheres structure and contains both micropores and a lot of mesopores. The HPCN_1?4?2 made with the mass weight ratio of coal tar/zinc acetate/KOH at 1:4:2 shows a large surface area of 1374 m² g^?1 with an average pore size of 7.41 nm. The HPCN_1?4?2 exhibits excellent adsorption capacity for DB38 dye, which has big molecular size at room temperature. This is mainly due to its large surface area and pore volumes contributed by its mesopores. This work suggests an effective way to synthesize a high performance adsorbent for large molecular size dyes from low-cost coal tar.     

Pretreatment of piggery digestate wastewater by ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis under alkalescence condition

Due to the low COD/TN ratio, piggery digestate wastewater is non-biodegradable and pathogenic; its advanced treatment is becoming a wide-spread environmental concern. In this study, the process of Fe-C micro-electrolysis was applied to pretreat piggery digestate wastewater. Fe-C micro-electrolysis was confirmed effectively to enhance biodegradability of the piggery digestate wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the interactions between factors and optimize operating parameters. The optimum conditions for Fe-C micro-electrolysis were found to be 150 g/L of dosages of Fe-C particles, 6 L/h of aeration rate and 9 h of hydraulic retention time at pH 7.6, respectively. Under these conditions, the obtained chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 52.62%, and the ratio of BOD/COD increased from 0.13 to 0.285, which showed improvement of biochemical property. Furthermore, SEM analysis indicated the surface configuration of Fe-C particles. More important, this process could effectively pretreat the piggery digestate wastewater and avoid the generation of secondary pollution.     

二氯乙酸选择性加氢脱氯制备高纯氯乙酸

以Pd/C为催化剂,通过固定床反应器对含氯乙酸、二氯乙酸以及乙酸的氯化液进行选择性催化加氢脱氯研究,使氯化液中的大部分或全部二氯乙酸转化为一氯乙酸或乙酸。考察催化剂制备条件对催化性能的影响,结果表明,在Pd负载质量分数0.9%、浸渍液浓度4.5 g·L-1和浸渍温度20℃条件下制备的催化剂,催化活性和产物选择性最佳,运行时间超过1 500 h活性未出现明显衰减。     

石墨粉导电混凝土的性能与微结构

采用石墨粉制备导电混凝土,观察导电混凝土性能和微结构的变化.研究结果表明:导电混凝土的强度随着石墨粉掺量的增加而下降.导电混凝土的电阻率随石墨粉细度和掺量的增大而降低,持续通电后,温度都升高,呈良好的电热效应和发热效果.石墨粉对导电混凝土水化产物的影响较小,随着石墨掺量和细度的加大,对体系中孔隙填补效果更好,更易形成导电通路.     

水溶性和碱溶性蔗渣木质素的分离与表征

以蔗渣为原料,经脱蜡后依次用H₂O、1% NaOH和3% NaOH进行抽提,分别得到水溶性木质素L1和碱溶性木质素L2、L3,并对其理化性质和结构特征进行分析。通过硝基苯氧化法、高效液相色谱检测来确定蔗渣木质素的组分,通过凝胶渗透色谱检测蔗渣木质素的分子质量,利用紫外分光光度计和二维核磁共振推导出蔗渣木质素的结构单元和连接方式。结果表明,L1、L2和L3的得率（以绝干原料计）分别为0.4%、5.7%和3.7%,占蔗渣木质素总量的54.1%,而且水溶性木质素分子质量大于碱溶性木质素。L2和L3主要来自于蔗渣次生壁,富含紫丁香基单元和大量的非缩合醚结构。蔗渣木质素的结构单元间的主要连接方式是β-O-4'醚键,还有β-β'、β-5'和β-1'等碳碳结构。蔗渣木质素是由紫丁香基、愈创木基和少量对羟苯基结构单元组成的GSH型木质素,此外,还含有对香豆酸和阿魏酸,通过酯键与木质素相连。     

壳聚糖/聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯生物降解复合膜的制备

以冰乙酸为溶剂,将壳聚糖（CS）与聚3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸共聚酯（PHBV）采用共混流延法制备成CS/PHBV生物降解复合膜。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱对复合膜进行了表征,并研究了不同质量比CS/PHBV复合膜的力学性能、透氧性能、热稳定性以及生物降解性能。结果表明：随着壳聚糖含量的增加,复合膜断面密实,蜂窝状结构消失,复合膜中羟基和酯基增多;当m_CS∶m_PHBV为3∶1时,CS/PHBV生物降解复合膜的拉伸强度与弹性模量达到最大值,分别为3.57和26.84 MPa;当m_CS∶m_PHBV为4∶1时,复合膜的透氧系数最小,为27.7×10^-15 cm³·cm/（cm²·s·Pa）;同时,壳聚糖的加入,提高了CS/PHBV复合膜的生物降解性。     

逐步回归分析法在卸妆产品感官评价中的应用

采用逐步回归分析法对5款不同卸妆产品的感官评价结果进行分析,建立了卸妆类产品对消费者喜爱度与11项感官评价指标的回归模型。结果显示,产品的清洁力、卸妆难易度、使用便捷性、刺激性、产品稠度、产品外观与消费者对产品的喜爱度有显著相关性,其中,产品清洁力、卸妆难易度、使用便捷性、产品外观均与喜爱度呈正相关,刺激性和产品稠度与喜爱度呈负相关。回归模型具有良好的拟合效果,能够较好的反馈消费者的需求和引导产品研发方向。     

Review on zirconate-cerate-based electrolytes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell

The performance of low-to-intermediate temperature (400–800?°C) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) depends on the properties of electrolyte used. SOFC performance can be enhanced by replacing electrolyte materials from conventional oxide ion (O^2-) conductors with proton (H⁺) conductors because H⁺ conductors have higher ionic conductivity and theoretical electrical efficiency than O^2- conductors within the target temperature range. Electrolytes based on cerate and/or zirconate have been proposed as potential H⁺ conductors. Cerate-based electrolytes have the highest H⁺ conductivity, but they are chemically and thermally unstable during redox cycles, whereas zirconate-based electrolytes exhibit the opposite properties. Thus, tailoring the properties of cerate and/or zirconate electrolytes by doping with rare-earth metals has become a main concern for many researchers to further improve the ionic conductivity and stability of electrolytes. This article provides an overview on the properties of four types of cerate and/or zirconate electrolytes including cerate-based, zirconate-based, single-doped cerate–zirconate and hybrid-doped cerate–zirconate. The properties of the proton electrolytes such as ionic conductivity, chemical stability and sinterability are also systematically discussed. This review further provides a summary of the performance of SOFCs operated with cerate and/or zirconate proton conductors and the actual potential of these materials as alternative electrolytes for proton-conducting SOFC application.     

Two-component modified polyurethane sealant for insulating glass: Design,preparation, and application

A new two-component modified polyurethane (PU) sealant was designed and synthesized for insulating glass. This sealant was designed based on a crosslinked reaction between a p-chlorophenol-blocked PU pre-polymer (Pre-polymer 2 ) in Component A and a poly-functional hyperbranched polyamine polymer (polyamide resin 300^#) in Component B. During the synthesis of Pre-polymer 2 , Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis was used to track the process, and the optimal reaction time and temperature were 1.5 h and 80 °C, in the presence of 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Different curing agents also used as deblocking agents were screened and it was found that polyamide resin 300^# was a good candidate for the curing reaction. In addition, the low-temperature curing rate was also improved by using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) and organobentonite together as a composite catalyst. Finally, the prepared two-component modified PU sealant for insulating glass was successfully used in an assembly line with good performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48219.     

Study on metamerism degree evaluation based on wavelength sensitive cone weighting algorithm

Metamerism phenomenon can be used in illuminant detection to ensure the accuracy of light source. A method based on Long‐, Middle‐, Short‐ wavelength cones(LMS) weighting algorithm to evaluate metamerism degree is proposed. The chromatic relationship between the degree of metamerism mismatch and the light source is studied. Herein, the consistency between the metameric indices (MIs) and CIE1976 L*a*b* color difference ranking is analyzed by SRCC, KRCC, PLCC and RMSE. A statistically sampling method to obtain practical LMS cone fundamentals to evaluate metamerism degree is employed. The analysis results obtained show that the method based on LMS weighting algorithm has good evaluation ability and stability in simulation experiments and statistically sampling experiments, which are in line with visual characteristics of human. Proposed method meets the requirements of selecting metameric pairs used in light source detection. The analysis results have certain guiding significance.