With regard to "The role of air plethysmography in monitoring results of venous surgery"

By homology to the mgt gene (encoding a macrolide glycosyltransferase) from Streptomyces lividans, a 3.3-kb DNA fragment from the oleandomycin producer, Streptomyces antibioticus, was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of the 3' end of a gene (ORF1) and two complete ORFs (ORF2 and oleD), all of them translationally coupled. The deduced product of the sequenced region of ORF1 contained the typical signature of integral membrane proteins responsible for the translocation of substrates across the membrane. The ORF2 product did not show significant similarity with proteins in databases, but contains an N-terminus leader peptide region characteristic of secreted proteins, and a lipid attachment site motif characteristic of membrane lipoproteins synthesized with a precursor signal peptide. The oleD product showed clear similarity with several UDP-glucuronosyl- and UDP-glycosyl-transferases from different origins and particularly with the mgt gene from S. lividans, and might encode a glycosyltransferase activity capable of inactivating macrolides. It is proposed that these three genes could participate in the intracellular glycosylation of oleandomycin and its secretion during antibiotic production.     

Integrated radiation hybrid and yeast artificial chromosome map of chromosome 9p

OBJECTIVES: To determine concentrations of chondroitin sulphate (CS) and keratan sulphate (KS) epitopes, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and hyaluronan (HA) in knee synovial fluid (SF) from normal subjects and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to test whether these variables may be used as markers of the OA process. METHODS: OA was subdivided into large joint OA (LJOA), nodal generalised OA (NGOA), and OA with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPA). Clinical assessment of inflammation (0-6) was undertaken on OA and RA knees. Knee SF was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for: CS epitopes, using monoclonal antibodies 3-B-3 and 7-D-4; KS epitope using monoclonal antibody 5-D-4; and HA, using biotinylated HA binding region of cartilage proteoglycan. Total sulphated GAGs were measured by dye binding with 1:9 dimethylmethylene blue. RESULTS: Increased SF 3-B-3 concentrations and 3-B-3/GAG ratio were found in OA, compared with RA or normal knees, with higher 3-B-3 and 3-B-3/GAG in LJOA and NGOA than in CPA. SF 7-D-4 and 7-D-4/GAG were reduced in RA, compared with normal and OA; SF 5-D-4 was reduced in OA compared with normal. GAG and HA concentrations were decreased in both OA and RA. No correlations with radiographic scores were observed, but SF 7-D-4 was lower in 'inflamed' compared with 'non-inflamed' RA and OA knees. In patients with bilateral samples there were strong correlations between right and left knees for all SF variables. CONCLUSIONS: Changed concentrations of SF CS and KS can be detected in OA with a profile that differs from that seen in RA. Clinical subgrouping and local joint inflammation may influence these measures, supporting different pathogenesis within OA subgroups and requirement for careful patient characterisation in SF studies.     

Dissociating uncertainty responses and reinforcement signals in the comparative study of uncertainty monitoring.

Although researchers are exploring animals' capacity for monitoring their states of uncertainty, the use of some paradigms allows the criticism that animals map avoidance responses to error-causing stimuli not because of uncertainty monitored but because of feedback signals and stimulus aversion. The authors addressed this criticism with an uncertainty-monitoring task in which participants completed blocks of trials with feedback deferred so that they could not associate reinforcement signals to particular stimuli or stimulus-response pairs. Humans and 1 of 2 monkeys were able to make cognitive, decisional uncertainty responses that were independent of feedback or reinforcement history within a task. This finding unifies the comparative literature on uncertainty monitoring. The dissociation of performance from reinforcement has theoretical implications, and the deferred-feedback technique has many applications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increase intracellular Ca2+ and cell proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells

A method was developed to determine in eggs 2 components [4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine and 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)urea] of the anticoccidial drug nicarbazin, used to treat poultry. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and the extracts were washed with hexane and evaporated to dryness before analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. By switching from positive to negative ion monitoring and using gradient elution, both components were measured within one run. The limit of quantitation of the assay was 10 ng/g for each component. The results of a preliminary feeding trial in which chickens were fed contamination levels of the drug are also reported.     

Adult psychological functioning of individuals born with craniofacial anomalies

This study represents an initial investigation into the adult psychological functioning of individuals born with craniofacial disfigurement. A total of 24 men and women born with a craniofacial anomaly completed paper and pencil measures of body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life, and experiences of discrimination. An age- and gender-matched control group of 24 non-facially disfigured adults also completed the measures. As expected, craniofacially disfigured adults reported greater dissatisfaction with their facial appearance than did the control group. Craniofacially disfigured adults also reported significantly lower levels of self-esteem and quality of life. Dissatisfaction with facial appearance, self-esteem, and quality of life were related to self-ratings of physical attractiveness. More than one-third of craniofacially disfigured adults (38 percent) reported experiences of discrimination in employment or social settings. Among disfigured adults, psychological functioning was not related to number of surgeries, although the degree of residual facial deformity was related to increased dissatisfaction with facial appearance and greater experiences of discrimination. Results suggest that adults who were born with craniofacial disfigurement, as compared with non-facially disfigured adults, experience greater dissatisfaction with facial appearance and lower self-esteem and quality of life; however, these experiences do not seem to be universal.     

Combination antiretroviral therapy and recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality

The reasons for recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality may include advances in treatment, but these may be confounded by earlier declines in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To determine whether the declines in AIDS and mortality may, in part, stem from wider use of combination antiretroviral therapy, 622 HIV-positive men with well-characterized dates of seroconversion were followed. In this group, combination therapy came into widespread use in only 1996. In a Cox proportional hazards model, the 1996 calendar period was significantly associated with slower progression to AIDS (relative hazard [RH]=0. 19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.69, P=.01) and death (RH=0. 45, 95% CI, 0.21-0.95, P=.04). Declines in incidence of HIV infection, changes in HIV virulence, and end-point underreporting cannot fully explain the decline in AIDS and death in 1996. The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy as the standard of care may already have had measurable effects.     

Concept analysis of trust: a coronary care perspective

The presence in serum of adenylate kinase isoenzyme originating from erythrocyte can be useful as a marker for detecting hemolysis. We have presented preliminary evidence for identifying hemolytic anemia patients earlier by determining erythrocyte AK isoenzyme activity in serum (or plasma) rather than using measurement of plasma hemoglobin concentration. This test being quite specific for hemolysis should find use as a quick method for estimating the extent of in vivo hemolysis in hemolytic patients earlier than heretofore possible.