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121.
Shuhua Zhang Muhammad Naeem Shah Feng Liu Zhongqiang Zhang Qin Hu Thomas P.Russell Minmin Shi Chang-Zhi Li Hongzheng Chen 《Nano Research》2017,(11):3765-3774
The ternary strategy for incorporating multiple photon-sensitive components into a single junction has emerged as an effective method for optimizing the nanoscale morphology and improving the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs).In this study,efficient and stable ternary OSCs were achieved by introducing the small-molecule dye (5E,5'E)-5,5'-(4',4″-(1,2-diphenylethene-1,2-diyl)bis(biphenyl-4',4-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothia zolidin-4-one) (BTPERn) into poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiopheneco-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend films processed using a 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)-free solvent.The incorporation of BTPE-Rn enhanced the short-circuit current density and fill factor of the ternary OSCs compared with those of binary OSCs.An investigation of the optical,electronic,and morphological properties of the ternary blends indicated that the third component of BTPE-Rn not only promoted the photon utilization of blends through the energy-transfer process but also improved the electron mobility of the blends owing to the fullerene-rich nanophase optimization.More importantly,this ternary strategy of utilizing a small-molecule dye to replace the photounstable DIO additive enhanced the operational stability of the OSCs. 相似文献
122.
Tuomas Haggren Ali Shah Anton Autere Joona-Pekko Kakko Veer Dhaka Maria Kim Teppo Huhtio Zhipei Sun Harri Lipsanen 《Nano Research》2017,10(8):2657-2666
Light management and electrical isolation are essential for the majority of optoelectronic nanowire (NW) devices.Here,we present a cost-effective technique,based on vapor-phase deposition of parylene-C and subsequent annealing,that provides conformal encapsulation,anti-reflective coating,improved optical properties,and electrical insulation for GaAs nanowires.The process presented allows facile encapsulation and insulation that is suitable for any nanowire structure.In particular,the parylene-C encapsulation functions as an efficient antireflection coating for the nanowires,with reflectivity down to <1% in the visible spectrum.Furthermore,the parylene-C coating increases photoluminescence intensity,suggesting improved light guiding to the NWs.Finally,based on this process,a NW LED was fabricated,which showed good diode performance and a clear electroluminescence signal.We believe the process can expand the fabrication possibilities and improve the performance of optoelectronic nanowire devices. 相似文献
123.
Self‐Sealing Porous Silicon‐Calcium Silicate Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Targeted siRNA Delivery to the Injured Brain 下载免费PDF全文
124.
Dorsa Parviz Fahmida Irin Smit A. Shah Sriya Das Charles B. Sweeney Micah J. Green 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2016,28(40):8796-8818
Recent developments in the exfoliation, dispersion, and processing of pristine graphene (i.e., non‐oxidized graphene) are described. General metrics are outlined that can be used to assess the quality and processability of various “graphene” products, as well as metrics that determine the potential for industrial scale‐up. The pristine graphene production process is categorized from a chemical engineering point of view with three key steps: i) pretreatment, ii) exfoliation, and iii) separation. How pristine graphene colloidal stability is distinct from the exfoliation step and is dependent upon graphene interactions with solvents and dispersants are extensively reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using pristine graphene as nanofillers in polymer composites, as well as as building blocks for macrostructure assemblies are summarized in the context of large‐scale production. 相似文献
125.
Hussain A. Badran Khietam Abd. AL-Aladil Haidar G. Lazim Alaa Y. Al-Ahmad 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2016,27(3):2212-2220
The CdO NPs was synthesized using the sol–gel method and the nanoparticles were characterized using an UV–Vis spectrophotometer, with shape and size were examined by SEM and XRD. The XRD analysis respects the Bragg’s law and confirmed the crystalline nature of CdO nanoparticles. From the XRD, the average size of CdO NPs was found to be around 41 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the CdO NPs, as recorded at room temperature, were excited at 300 nm wavelength. The broad emission peaks were between 600 and 650 nm (orange emission). The optical limiting performance of the nanocomposite was described in the sol–gel state. Also, this study has observed and studied the diffraction rings generated in CdO NPs using the same CW laser. The number of rings increases almost exponentially with an increasing volume fraction of SiO2 in the nanocomposites. The refractive index change, Δn, and effective nonlinear refractive index, n 2, were found to be 10?4 and 10?8 cm2/W, respectively. The effective nonlinear refractive index, n 2, was determined based on the observed number of rings. The threshold values of the CdO, CdO–2SiO2 and CdO–5SiO2 nanocomposites are 7.1, 6.55 and 6.34 mW, respectively. This large nonlinearity is attributed to the thermal effect. The present studies suggest that the nanocomposite is a potential candidate for optical device applications such as the optical limiters. The thermal blooming technique was applied to evaluate the thermo-optic coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the CdO NPs. In the thermal blooming experimental setup a transistor–transistor logic modulated CW laser of wavelength 532 nm was used as the excitation source. 相似文献
126.
Mohammed Sadeq Eyad Masad Hussain Al-Khalid Okan Sirin Loujaine Mehrez 《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2018,19(10):857-864
Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a widely used product, which proved a contribution to the reduction in asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures. This reduction leads to lower fuel consumption and smoke emission in asphalt plants. Most of the characterisation of binders used in WMA has focused in the past on measuring linear viscoelastic properties and associated Superpave parameters. Several studies have shown that the average stresses and strains of the asphalt mixture remain mostly within the linear viscoelastic response. However, localised strains in the binder phase of the mixture could reach values high enough to induce nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations. Therefore, this study focuses on an experimental and analytical evaluation of linear, nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic responses of selected binders modified for use in WMA. The first part of the paper analyses the linear viscoelastic material properties and their ability to evaluate permanent deformation resistance. Then, the non-recoverable creep compliance parameter obtained from the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test is analysed to assess the nonlinear response and permanent deformation of asphalt binders. The paper utilises a nonlinear plasto-viscoelastic (NPVE) approach to assess and quantify the nonlinear plasto-viscoelastic response of binders by separating the recoverable and irrecoverable strains measured in the MSCR test. Two WMA additives were included in this study by mixing them with polymer-modified and unmodified asphalt binders. Analysis of results showed that the NPVE approach captured a higher percentage of recovery than the NLVE approach. However, binder’s performance evaluation and ranking did not change by adopting the NPVE approach. The nonlinear viscoelastic parameters provided insight on the behaviour of asphalt binders mixed with WMA additives during loading cycles. Sasobit showed higher influence than Advera on binders in resisting permanent deformation by increasing the recoverable strain during the unloading phase. 相似文献
127.
Microstructure and Processing of 3D Printed Tungsten Microlattices and Infiltrated W–Cu Composites 下载免费PDF全文
Micha Calvo Adam E. Jakus Ramille N. Shah Ralph Spolenak David C. Dunand 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(9)
128.
Amjad Hussain Zahid Muhammad Junaid Arshad Musheer Ahmad Naglaa F. Soliman Walid El-Shafai 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2023,75(2):3011-3026
A substitution box (S-Box) is a crucial component of contemporary cryptosystems that provide data protection in block ciphers. At the moment, chaotic maps are being created and extensively used to generate these S-Boxes as a chaotic map assists in providing disorder and resistance to combat cryptanalytical attempts. In this paper, the construction of a dynamic S-Box using a cipher key is proposed using a novel chaotic map and an innovative tweaking approach. The projected chaotic map and the proposed tweak approach are presented for the first time and the use of parameters in their working makes both of these dynamic in nature. The tweak approach employs cubic polynomials while permuting the values of an initial S-Box to enhance its cryptographic fort. Values of the parameters are provided using the cipher key and a small variation in values of these parameters results in a completely different unique S-Box. Comparative analysis and exploration confirmed that the projected chaotic map exhibits a significant amount of chaotic complexity. The security assessment in terms of bijectivity, nonlinearity, bits independence, strict avalanche, linear approximation probability, and differential probability criteria are utilized to critically investigate the effectiveness of the proposed S-Box against several assaults. The proposed S-Box’s cryptographic performance is comparable to those of recently projected S-Boxes for its adaption in real-world security applications. The comparative scrutiny pacifies the genuine potential of the proposed S-Box in terms of its applicability for data security. 相似文献
129.
This paper studies the relationship between the two parameter fracture model and the size effect model. An equivalency between two models is first established based on infinitely large size specimens. Based on this equivalency, relationships between material fracture parameters (K Ic s , CTODc) and (G f, cf) are derived. Using these relationships, values of (K Ic s , CTODc) and (G f, cf) can be predicted from each other. It is found that the relationship betweenCTOD c andc f theoretically depends on both specimen geometry and initial crack length. However this dependency is numerically insignificant, except for tensile plate with a short center notch. The obtained results may explain why both the two parameter fracture model and the size effect model can reasonably predict fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials. 相似文献
130.
Shah S. Levine M.D. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》1996,26(2):259-274
At the retinal level, the strategies utilized by biological visual systems allow them to outperform machine vision systems, serving to motivate the design of electronic or "smart" sensors based on similar principles. Design of such sensors in silicon first requires a model of retinal information processing which captures the essential features exhibited by biological retinas. In this paper, a simple retinal model is presented, which qualitatively accounts for the achromatic information processing in the primate cone system. The computer retina model exhibits many of the properties found in biological retinas such as data reduction through nonuniform sampling, adaptation to a large dynamic range of illumination levels, variation of visual acuity with illumination level, and enhancement of spatiotemporal contrast information. The main emphasis of the model presented here is to demonstrate how different adaptation mechanisms play a role in extending the operating range of the primate retina. 相似文献