A case study of regional catchment water quality modelling to identify pollution control requirements.

There are four ecologically important river catchments that contain candidate Special Areas of Conservation (cSACs) under the Habitats Directive in the Lake District National Park located in the North of England. These are the rivers Ehen, Kent, Derwent and Eden. For each cSAC, there are defined ecological criteria that include water quality targets to protect the designated species. Stretches of the riverine cSACs in each catchment are failing to meet these and other water quality targets. The Environment Agency commissioned a study of each catchment to provide the underpinning scientific knowledge to allow it to deliver its statutory obligations under the Habitats Directive. SIMCAT river water quality models were produced and used to predict the water quality impacts resulting from a number of water quality planning scenarios aimed at achieving full compliance with the Habitats Directive and other national and EEC water quality targets. The results indicated that further controls on effluent discharges will allow the majority of targets to be met but other sources of pollution will also need to be controlled. The outcome of the study also recognised that water quality improvements alone will not necessarily produce the required improvement to the ecological interest features in each cSAC.     

Structure and catalytic properties of dealuminated modified zeolites Y

The effect of treatment with a zirconyl nitrate aqueous solution on the structure; the hydroxyl-layer constitution; and the adsorptive, acid, and catalytic properties of dealuminated zeolite Y was studied. The zeolite was prepared by boiling NH₄Y in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution followed by ion exchange with ammonium chloride and calcination in a 100% steam flow at 750°C. X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and DTA data show the formation of an ultrastable form of zeolite Y. The incorporation of zirconium in zeolite led to an increase in the proportion of strong acid sites, thus raising the yield of cracking products during n-hexane conversion tested on platinum-containing catalyst samples.     

Disc filtration for separation of flocs from a moving bed bio-film reactor.

A Discfilter with 10 and 18 microm filter openings, respectively, was placed in parallel to a flotation plant for separation of biological flocs from a post-denitrifying Kaldnes Moving Bed Process, the last treatment step at the municipal wastewater treatment plant at Sj?unda, Malm?, Sweden. The effluent concentrations from the 10 and 18 microm filter were 2-5 and 2-8 mg SS L(-1), respectively, which is comparable to, or better than, the flotation plant. Comparison with experiences from activated sludge plants shows that the Discfilter works especially well after the Kaldnes process. Particle size distribution (PSD) studies show that particles larger than the filter openings of 10 and 18 microm are separated with approximately 90% efficiency, whereas most of the smaller particles pass the filter. This fact indicates that the major particle separation mechanism is physical blocking. These findings point to the possibility of improving the prediction of the separation efficiency by combining measurements of turbidity and suspended solids with particle size analysis.     

It takes two to mimic: Behavioral consequences of self-construals.

The present studies demonstrated the moderation of self-construal orientation on mimicry. Recent research has indicated that an interdependent self-construal is associated with assimilation of the other to the self whereas an independent self-construal is associated with minimizing the influence of others on the self (H. R. Markus & S. Kitayama, 1991; D. Stapel & W. Koomen, 2001). Therefore, the authors hypothesized that an interdependent self-construal would be associated with more mimicry than an independent self-construal. When self-construal orientations were experimentally primed. as in Studies 1 and 2, independent self-construals produced less nonconscious mimicry than interdependent self-construals. When self-construals were examined as cultural differences with either a chronically dominant independent (Americans) or interdependent (Japanese) construal of the self, these results were replicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Combined time and wavelength multiplexing technique of optical fiber grating sensor arrays using commercial OTDR equipment

The use of a commercial optical time domain reflectometry device for simultaneous wavelength and time domain multiplexing of fiber-optic Bragg grating sensors is proposed and demonstrated. The realization of such systems provides an inexpensive way of interrogating several hundreds of sensors in a single fiber. Strain resolution of 30 /spl mu/m/m over a strain measuring range of 0.5% was obtained.     

小型中间下料预焙电解槽技术条件摆布的思考

对小型中间下料预焙电解槽技术条件摆布的原则和具体数据进行了探讨，提出了尽可能利用从大型预焙槽上得出的先进经验，并消化吸收，掌握好各种条件的平衡，以取得好经济技术指标的观点。     

Another Perspective on Vocabulary Richness

This article examines the usefulness ofvocabulary richness for authorship attributionand tests the assumption that appropriatemeasures of vocabulary richness can capture anauthor's distinctive style or identity. Afterbriefly discussing perceived and actualvocabulary richness, I show that doubling andcombining texts affects some measures incomputationally predictable but conceptuallysurprising ways. I discuss some theoretical andempirical problems with some measures anddevelop simple methods to test how wellvocabulary richness distinguishes texts bydifferent authors. These methods show thatvocabulary richness is ineffective for largegroups of texts because of the extremevariability within and among them. I concludethat vocabulary richness is of marginal valuein stylistic and authorship studies because thebasic assumption that it constitutes awordprint for authors is false.     

SDS/正戊醇/水体系的液晶研究

在 2 5℃测定了十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS) /正戊醇 /水三元体系的相平衡 ,确定了液晶区域的边界范围。在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点 ,用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)和2 HNMR与液晶照片对照 ,研究了该体系的液晶结构特点。结果表明 :在恒定温度下 ,该体系存在着两个液晶区域 ,并且随含水量的增加 ,液晶结构发生变化。当组成固定时 ,体系的液晶相结构随温度升高也发生变化     

Analysis of the possibility of implementing the principle of redistribution of concentration fields for reactive distillation processes

The evolution of the phase portrait for the dynamic system of open evaporation combined with a chemical reaction for a fixed liquid amount was studied as dependent on the rate constants of the reaction. A three-component azeotropic mixture whose vapor-liquid equilibrium diagram is characterized by two distillation regions was considered. The possibility of the open evaporation trajectory to transfer through the separatrix between the distillation regions was shown, as well as the possibility of implementing the principle of redistribution of the concentration fields due to chemical reactions occurring in reactive distillation columns.Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2005, pp. 115–119.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Solokhin, Nazanskii, Timofeev.