Ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 using rotating packed bed and stirred tank reactor

This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Crystal growth of selected II–VI semiconducting alloys by directional solidification: Part I Ground-based experiments

A series of Hg_0.84Zn_0.16 Te crystal ingots have been grown from pseudobinary melts by the Bridgmam–Stockbarger type directional solidification using a Marshall Space Flight Center/Space Science Laboratory heat-pipe furnace and the ground control experiment laboratory furnace of the crystal growth furnace which was flown on the first United States Microgravity Mission. A number of translation rates and a series of hot- and cold-zone temperatures were employed to assess the influence of growth parameters on the crystal properties for the purpose of optimizing the in-flight growth conditions. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study and design of step-index channel waveguide bends withlarge-angle and low-loss characteristics

By using micro-prisms, improved three-dimensional (3-D) bends of the embedded and buried waveguides of step-index profile are proposed. A simple phase compensation rule for the optimal design of the micro-prism is also presented. Through the simulation of 3-D semivectorial finite-difference beam propagation method, the transmission characteristics of the improved bends are shown to have been enhanced dramatically as compared with those of the conventional ones. Even for a bend angle of as large as 10°, the normalized transmitted power can still be greater than 95%. These results of 3-D bends are then compared with those of the two-dimensional (2-D) ones which are simplified from 3-D structures by the effective index method, and physical explanation of the discrepancy between the 3-D and 2-D results is introduced. The influences of waveguide structures and prism parameters on the transmission characteristics are discussed in detail. Some criteria for the design of large-angle low-loss 3-D improved bends are also accessed     

β″－Al_2O_3陶瓷的强化和韧化

研究了稳定ＺｒＯ＿２和部份稳定ＺｒＯ＿２对β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的强化和韧化作用，观察了不同种类、不同含量的ＺｒＯ＿２对β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的显微结构、力学性能和电导率的影响，探讨了β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的韧化机理。     

映射半解析边界元法解瞬态弹性动力问题的有关问题

提出了映射半解析边界元法解百轴对称瞬态弹性动力问题时存在解析方向不能正确反映波的传播现象的问题，产生该问题的原因和如何解决该问题的建议。     

Multimode parameter extraction for multiconductor transmissionlines via single-pass FDTD and signal-processing techniques

We present two approaches to extract the broadband multimode parameters of guided wave structures from a single-pass finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. They include a two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier transform (FT) algorithm and a super-resolution estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm. Comparison is made to show the superiority of the super-resolution approach. As a typical application, a three-line coupled microstrip structure is studied. After a single-pass FDTD simulation, broadband multimode parameters such as propagation constants, modal-field templates, and modal impedances are extracted and verified against published data obtained by the spectral-domain method. The main feature of this parameter-extraction methodology is that it decouples the computational electromagnetics engine (in this case, the FDTD simulator) from the post-processing parameter-extraction algorithm, thus providing more flexibility and connectivity among the various simulation tools     

溅射——气体——聚集共沉积法制备金属／金属（介质）复合团簇镶嵌薄膜

提出了溅射－气体－聚集共沉积制备金属／金属（介质）复合团簇镶嵌薄膜的新方法，并利用该方法成功地在方华膜衬底上制备了系列Ｆｅ／Ａｇ及ＣａＦ２复合团簇镶嵌薄膜样品。透射电镜分析结果表明，样品中Ｆｅ（Ｃｕ）团簇都较好地镶嵌于Ａｇ（ＣａＦ２）基质中，其结构为两种材料的多晶共存形态。进一步分析发现，与块材相比，Ｆｅ／Ａｇ样品中Ｆｅ团簇晶格常数呈现出不同程度的收缩，而Ｃｕ／ＣａＦ２样品中Ｃｕ团簇晶格常数则呈现出不同程度的膨胀。运用附加压力的模型对该现象进行了解释。     

我国清洁代用燃料汽车发展状况

随着汽车数量的迅速增加，汽车排放的有害废气也急剧增加，人们的健康受到威胁，解决这一问题的最好办法是发展清洁代用燃料汽车。介绍了天然气汽车和液化石油气汽车的主要优点，分析了目前我国清洁代用燃料汽车的发展现状，阐述了近期适宜发展我国清洁代用燃料汽车的机遇和面临的困难。最后就提高人们的环保意识、修改和完善汽车尾气污染控制法及排放标准、清洁代用燃料汽车的有关标准和安全措施。对发展这种汽车应给予优惠政策以及零部件生产和车辆改装企业的管理等方面，提出了建议。     

二元复合驱采出液矿场处理试验

利用研制的二元复合驱采出液矿场处理装置，对辽河油田兴28块兴191井采出液进行了矿场处理试验。结果表明，采用适宜的破乳剂及处理工艺技术，可以使矿场采出液处理达到净化油含水≤0．5％的指标。     

A tutorial on wavelets from an electrical engineering perspective.I. Discrete wavelet techniques

The objective of this paper is to present the subject of wavelets from a filter-theory perspective, which is quite familiar to electrical engineers. Such a presentation provides both physical and mathematical insights into the problem. It is shown that taking the discrete wavelet transform of a function is equivalent to filtering it by a bank of constant-Q filters, the non-overlapping bandwidths of which differ by an octave. The discrete wavelets are presented, and a recipe is provided for generating such entities. One of the goals of this tutorial is to illustrate how the wavelet decomposition is carried out, starting from the fundamentals, and how the scaling functions and wavelets are generated from the filter-theory perspective. Examples (including image compression) are presented to illustrate the class of problems for which the discrete wavelet techniques are ideally suited. It is interesting to note that it is not necessary to generate the wavelets or the scaling functions in order to implement the discrete wavelet transform. Finally, it is shown how wavelet techniques can be used to solve operator/matrix equations. It is shown that the “orthogonal-transform property” of the discrete wavelet techniques does not hold in numerical computations