Verteilung der N?hrstoffe im Tabak

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Single-laser approach for fluorescence guidance of excimer laser angioplasty at 308 nm: evaluation in vitro and during coronary angioplasty

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Spectroscopic guidance of laser angioplasty has been attempted using a diagnostic He-Cd laser in addition to the therapeutic laser system. This study evaluated a single-laser approach for simultaneous ablation and fluorescence excitation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A spectroscopy system was coupled to a clinical XeCl excimer laser. Ablation of 162 human aortic samples in saline and blood with 45 mJ/mm2 per pulse yielded 676 fluorescence spectra validated histologically. The same equipment was used in 16 patients for angioplasty of 18 coronary stenoses applying 500 to 1,725 pulses with 45 to 60 mJ/mm2 under saline flushing. A total of 783 spectra were recorded and validated by intracoronary ultrasound (categories: atheroma, fibrous plaque, calcified lesion). RESULTS: In vitro, 5 types of spectra could be differentiated: (1) atheroma, (2) fibrous plaque, (3) calcified lesion in saline, (4) media, and (5) calcified lesion in blood. Discriminant analysis prospectively classified 576 validation spectra with the following sensitivity and specificity for each type: (1) 83.5 and 97.1%, (2) 85.7 and 96.8% (3) 100 and 98.5%, (4) 98.1 and 99.3%, (5) 98.9 and 100%, respectively. In vivo type 1, 2, 3, and 5 spectra were also observed, but not the media spectrum. The predominant sonographic category also prevailed in spectroscopy. Calcified lesions yielded type 3 and 5 as well as mixed spectra. CONCLUSIONS: Using an excimer laser for angioplasty allows combining ablation and fluorescence excitation without a diagnostic laser. Principal types of atherosclerotic lesions and the media can be differentiated spectroscopically with this approach.     

IV. Referate

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Abstracts

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Abstracts

     

Brief Overview of Recent Developments on Negative Phase–Velocity Mediums (alias Left–Handed Materials)

This brief overview covers a rapidly occurring development in the area of microwave composite materials: isotropic dielectric–magnetic mediums wherein the phase velocity vector and the time–averaged Poynting vector are oppositely directed. Such materials have also been inappropriately designated as left–handed materials. Ramifications for aberration–free lenses, homogenization approaches, and complex mediums are also presented.     

Histochemical detection of lymphatic drainage pathways in the middle nasal meatus

AIM: Assessment of the antihypertensive effect of doxazosin, alpha-1 blocker, as well as its action on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, microcirculation and platelet function in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Doxazosin (tonocardin) treatment was given for 11 weeks to 33 NIDDM patients with concomitant hypertension. The clinical examination comprised evaluation of central hemodynamics, vessels of the fundus of eye, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, renal function, platelet aggregation. RESULTS: Tonocardin produced a fall in the systolic blood pressure (BP) by 14%, in the diastolic BP--by 17%. The 24-h profile of BP, lipid and purine metabolism, microcirculation of the vessels of the fundus of eye also improved. Total peripheral vascular resistance, left ventricular myocardial mass and platelet aggregation. Carbohydrate metabolism remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy with tonocardin (2-8 mg/day) is effective and safe in the treatment of arterial hypertension in NIDDM patients.