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71.
William E. Cooper Jr. Christopher S. Deperno Johnny Arnett 《Journal of chemical ecology》1994,20(11):2867-2881
Experimental tests showed that poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate (PETF) and strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) in the gila monster last longer than reported for any other lizard. Based on analysis of numbers of tongue-flicks emitted in 5-min intervals, significant PETF was detected in all intervals up to and including minutes 41–45. Using 10-min intervals, PETF lasted though minutes 46–55. Two of eight individuals continued tongue-flicking throughout the 60 min after biting prey, whereas all individuals ceased tongue-flicking in a control condition after minute 35. The apparent presence of PETF lasting at least an hour in some individuals suggests that there may be important individual differences in duration of PETF. PETF and/or SICS are present in all families of autarchoglossan lizards studied except Cordylidae, the only family lacking linguallly mediated prey chemical discrimination. However, its duration is known to be greater than 2-min only in Helodermatidae and Varanidae, the living representatives of Varanoidea. That prolonged PETF and SICS are typical of snakes provides another character supporting a possible a varanoid ancestry for Serpentes. Analysis of 1-min intervals showed that PETF occurred in the first minute. A review of the literature suggests that a pause in tongue-flicking and delay of searching movements are absent in lizards and the few nonvenomous colubrid snakes tested. The delayed onset of SICS may be a specific adaptation of some viperid snakes to allow potentially dangerous prey to be rendered harmless by venom following voluntary release after envenomation and preceding further physical contact with the prey. 相似文献
72.
Limited past studies have indicated that Si3 N4 doped with Sc2 O3 may exhibit high-temperature mechanical properties superior to Si3 N4 systems with various other oxide sintering additives. High-temperature deformation of this system was studied by characterizing the microstructures before and after deformation. It was found that elements of the additive, Sc and O, exist in small amounts at thin grain boundary layers and within secondary phases at triple and multiple grain boundary junctions. The secondary phase is devitrified as crystalline Sc2 Si2 O7 . Deformation of the samples was dominated by cavitation rather than dislocation processes. Thus, the excellent deformation resistance of the samples at high temperature can be attributed to the high refractories and enhanced crystallization of a secondary phase. 相似文献
73.
Elias G. Abu‐Saba William M. McGinley Raymond C. Montgomery 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1991,4(4):347-354
As the manned exploration of space continues, many complex structural components are being developed to construct the orbital platforms that will be used to house communication hardware, personnel, and manufacturing complexes. These components are extremely flexible and complex in their behavior. There is a need for a simple method for determining the dynamic characteristics of these space structures with a minimum of effort. A mathematical model of one of these structural elements, an articulating truss beam, has been developed to predict its dynamic response. Assumptions of the force interaction between the beam elements and the joints have been made for using this model. Algorithms are provided to determine the flexibility matrix of the truss beam for use in the equation of motion. The natural frequencies obtained from using this method are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. An experimental procedure is planned to validate the results from the theoretical method. 相似文献
74.
Atkinson-Leadbeater Karen; Nuttley William M.; van der Kooy Derek 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,118(6):1206
A learning event can be dissociated into 3 components: acquisition, storage, and recall. When the laboratory wild-type strain of Caenorhabditis elegans (N2 strain) is exposed to benzaldehyde in the absence of food, the worms display a reduction of their attractive response to this volatile odorant. This results from the association between benzaldehyde and a nutrient-deficient environment. Another wild-type isolate, the CB4856 strain, fails to display this decreased response to benzaldehyde after exposure to benzaldehyde in the absence of food. However, like the N2 strain, when tested to isoamyl alcohol after benzaldehyde conditioning, the CB4856 strain displays a decreased isoamyl alcohol response. Therefore, the CB4856 strain does not have an acquisition deficit, but it suffers from a recall deficit specific to benzaldehyde. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
75.
Existing NASA supported scientific databases are usually developed and managed by a team of database administrators whose main concern is the efficiency of the databases in terms of normalization and data search constructs. The populating of the database is usually done in a manual fashion by row and column as the data become available, and the data dictionary is usually defined by the same team (at times with little input from the end science user). This process is tedious, error prone and self-limiting in terms of what can be described in a relational Data Base Management System (DBMS). The next generation Earth remote sensing platforms [i.e., Earth Observing System (EOS)] will be capable of generating data at a rate of over 300 Megabits per second from a suite of instruments designed for different applications. What is needed is an innovative approach that creates object-oriented data-bases that segment, characterize, and catalog, and are manageable in a domain-specific context, and whose contents are available interactively and in near-real-time to the user community. This paper describes work in progress that utilizes an artificial neural net approach to characterize satellite imagery of undefined objects into high-level data objects. The characterized data is then dynamically allocated to an object-oriented database where it can be reviewed and accessed by a user. The definition, development, and evolution of the overall data system model are steps in the creation of an application-driven knowledge-based scientific information system. 相似文献
76.
William J. Madia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2006,37(5):683-696
Since Feynman’s 1959 lecture, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom,” and particularly in the last 15 years, advances in instrumentation
have permitted us to observe and characterize materials at atomic scale. New and even more powerful capabilities are rapidly
becoming available. At the same time, our theoretical understanding and ability to model complex systems have matured to a
level that enables us to begin making useful predictions in many areas, with the promise of further progress as we approach
petascale computing. Progress in making and structuring nanoscale materials in commercially useful quantities is also being
made, albeit more selectively. Exploiting chemistry and biochemistry to mimic nature’s accomplishments in living systems is
a promising approach that is opening new possibilities. The remarkable progress of the last few years is already producing
technological advances, and more can be expected as investments in nanoscience and nanotechnology increase. Just as advances
in information technology during the second half of the 20th century produced dramatic technological, economic, and societal
changes, so the coming nanoscale revolution will affect virtually every aspect of life in the 21st century.
with Erik W. Pearson
Since 1975, Dr. Madia has been a leader in research and research management at Battelle. His extensive experience in setting
organizational vision, maximizing research output, and building complex teams has served Battelle and the nation for more
than three decades.
Dr. Madia currently leads Battelle’s Laboratory Operations business, where he oversees the management or co-management of
five U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Idaho National Laboratory. His portfolio includes
Battelle’s Strategic Project Management business and various lab-based commercialization initiatives.
Previously, he spearheaded the strategy and execution of Battelle/University of Tennessee (UT)’s winning bid to operate the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, he also served as Director, ORNL, the largest multiprogram national laboratory with 3800
staff and research revenues exceeding $1 billion. In addition to completing the $1.4 billion Spallation Neutron Source project,
his agenda for ORNL was shaped by a commitment to achieve simultaneous excellence in the areas of science and technology,
laboratory operations, and community service.
Dr. Madia’s widely recognized leadership at ORNL was strengthened from his tenure as Director of the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. From 1994 to 1999, he focused PNNL’s mission on environmental science and technology, launched
a $60 million cost reduction and productivity program, and oversaw the construction of the Environmental Molecular Sciences
Laboratory—the first major DOE scientific user facility built on PNNL’s campus.
Before leading the national laboratories at Richland and Oak Ridge, Dr. Madia managed Battelle’s global environmental business,
overseeing an $800 million portfolio that included developing environmental restoration and waste management technologies,
along with environmental systems and planning. Earlier, as president of Battelle Technology International, he led Battelle’s
research, development, and applications efforts involving more than 4100 scientists, engineers, and support personnel at major
laboratory facilities in Columbus, OH; Frankfurt, Germany; and Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Madia also served as director of Battelle’s
Columbus Laboratories, managing a staff of 3200. In each of these positions, he concentrated on moving science and technology
out of the laboratory and into commercial applications. Prior to these assignments, he was corporate vice president and general
manager of Battelle’s Project Management Division, where he managed Battelle’s Systems Engineering business.
Throughout his career, Dr. Madia has earned many awards and honors, including the Secretary of Energy’s Gold Award and DOE’s
Distinguished Associate Award. He was named “Laboratory Director of the Year” in 1999 by the Federal Laboratory Consortium
and was nominated for the National Medal of Technology. He also received the Sigma Xi Research Award in Chemistry from the
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and a U.S. Army Commendation Medal for nuclear engineering while serving in the military.
Dr. Madia is the author of numerous journal articles in the fields of radiochemistry and quantum mechanics as well as technical
reports and publications in the field of nuclear technology. He holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in chemistry from the
Indiana University of Pennsylvania, where he is a “Distinguished Alumnus.” He earned a Ph.D. in chemistry from the Virginia
Polytechnic Institute. He serves on numerous civic, charitable, and corporate boards. He and his wife Audrey have three sons. 相似文献
77.
Abderrafi M. Ougouag Jan Leen Kloosterman Wilfred F.G. van Rooijen Hans D. Gougar William K. Terry 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(5-6):669-2004
Models and methods are presented for determining practical limits of the packing density of TRISO particles in fuel pebbles for a pebble-bed reactor (PBR). These models are devised for designing and interpreting fuel testing experiments. Two processes for particle failure are accounted for: failure of touching particles at the pressing stage in the pebble manufacturing process and failure due to inner pressure buildup during irradiation. The second process gains importance with increasing fuel temperature, which limits the particle packing density and the corresponding fuel enrichment. Suggestions for improvements to the models are presented. 相似文献
78.
Sonny g. Sundaresan William R. Finkenstadt 《International Journal of Refrigeration》1991,14(6):317-320
Earlier studies conducted in the use of sealed tubes with polyalkylene glycol lubricants and polyethylene terephthalete (PET) films revealed that the PET films exhibited embrittlement and (visual) degradation. This led to an investigation of PET embrittlement mechanisms with the new lubricants used with HFC 134a. The lubricants studied were three polypropylene glycols (the monol, the diol and the completely end-capped glycols), pentaerythritol ester and a blend of monol and ester. The effects of moisture content, temperature and lubricant structure were studied. All lubricants in this study were of viscosity grade ISO-32 (150 SUS). The results were compared to PET film embrittlement in the presence of CFC 12 and mineral oil. This study reconfirmed the earlier findings that the PET films must be dried to lower than 0.1 wt.% moisture content for use in hermetic systems. This paper discusses the effect of the moisture content of the lubricant and the effect of the lubricant structure on PET films. The dependence of the various mechanisms on temperature is shown. Esters and end-capped polyalkylene glycols are recommended for use with HFC 134a. 相似文献
79.
Amjad B. Soulaka William R. Morrison 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1985,36(8):709-718
Starches isolated from 23 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum) and 26 durum wheats (T. durum) contained 26.3-30.6% (mean 29.1%) total amylose, 19.3–25.1% (mean 22.9%) apparent amylose and 783–1144mg 100g?1 (mean 977 mg 100g?1) lysophos-pholipids. Gelatinisation temperatures were 57.3–64.9°C (mean 61.8°C) and enthalpies 6.4–11.8 Jg?1 (mean 9.7Jg?1) in excess water, measured by differential scanning calorimetry. There were no correlations between any of these parameters. Starch granule size distributions were determined with a Coulter Counter and 100–channel analyser. A-granule mean volumes were 1235–2585μm3 (av. 1778), modal volumes 863–1804μm3 (av. 1264), mean diameters 13.9–16.0μm (av. 13.99), and specific surface areas 0.236–0.302m2g?1. B-granule mean volumes were 35.4–100.4μm3 (av. 55.9), modal volumes 16.5–54.5μm3 (av. 27.7), mean diameters 3.66–5.07μm (av. 4.09), and specific surface areas 0.684–0.920m2g?1. The B-granule contents of the starches were 12.8–34.6% (av. 27.3) by weight (sedimentation method) and 13.0–37.3% (av. 24.0) by volume (Coulter method), the latter being the more accurate method. 相似文献
80.
While seeds ofCucurbita maxima contain both Δ5- and Δ7-sterols, the former, which have been described earlier, now have been found to disappear during germination. This suggests
that a function exists for the Δ5-compounds only in the early part of the life cycle ofC. maxima, unlike most of the other higher plants studied. In contrast to the Δ5-sterols, the level of Δ7-sterols increased during germination as well as during seedling development and maturation. The period of transition between
germination and seedling development appeared to be of special importance in terms of sterol changes. This period represented
a surge of sterol biosynthesis with an ontogenetic shift in sterol composition from approximately equal amounts of 24α- and
24β-ethyl stereochemistry to a predominance of the former. The sterol composition of the mature plants included only about
5% of the 24β-ethylsterols. The configurational relationships were demonstrated by high resolution1H-NMR. The sterols of the mature plants were: 25(27)-dehydrochondrillasterol, 24β-ethyl-25(27)-dehydrolathosterol, avenasterol,
spinasterol, 22-dihydrospinasterol and 24ξ-methyllathosterol. Based on the changes which occurred in the relative amounts
of the Δ7-sterols, it did not appear that the Δ5-components were being converted to their Δ7-analogs.
A portion of this work was presented at the meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society in May, 1985 in Philadelphia. 相似文献