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161.
Das Bruchverhalten rißbehafteter Bauteile aus ferritischen Stählen läßt sich qualitativ mit den Übergangstemperaturen Tgy, Ti und Ta beschreiben, deren Definition angegeben wird; ferner werden wichtige Einflußgrößen genannt. In den letzten Jahren wurden, überwiegend auf der Basis der Bruchmechanik, verschiedene Konzepte entwickelt, um aufgrund von Laborversuchen an kleinen Proben quantitative Aussagen über die ertragbare Spannung bzw. zulässige Fehlergröße bei rißbehafteten Großproben und Bauteilen zu machen. In vorliegender Arbeit wurde ein Schema entwickelt, das anhand der obigen Übergangstemperaturen die Gültigkeitsgrenzen dieser Konzepte anzugeben versucht; es gilt für überwiegend zugbeanspruchte Bauteile aus Baustählen mit einer Streckgrenze bis etwa 1000 MPa. Dabei wurden folgende Konzepte berücksichtigt und kurz diskutiert: Linear-elastische Bruchmechanik mit dem KIc-Konzept und die elastisch-plastische Bruchmechanik mit den darauf basierenden Konzepten der Instabilitätsvorhersage nach Shih und Kumar, Two-Criteria-Approach (oder Fracture Analysis Diagram), Burdekin-Dawes-Design-Curve und J-Design-Curve, Versagens-Analyse-Diagramm (VAD) der MPA Stuttgart; ferner das Konzept der plastischen Grenzlast und das Konzept nach Soete.  相似文献   
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Research in the automobile industry focuses on studies of spark ignition automobile engines especially of stratified charge engines, lean combustion concepts, engines fueled by alcohol/gasoline blends, alcohol engines, and engines with on-board gas generators fueled by a variety of liquid fuels. The goal of this work is the development of low-emission, high fuel-economy and high performance power systems for the early 1990s. The implementation of this objective makes it necessary for more information on future fuel characteristics. In addition proper mixture preparation methods must be applied to find solutions to specific problems such as NOx formation and aldehyde emission, while maintaining good fuel economy and high engine efficiency. The goal of this paper is to discuss the most attractive approaches for improved preparation and distribution of the fuel-air mixture with respect to future fuels such as alcohol/gasoline blends and other alcohol fuels.  相似文献   
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Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - In der Bearbeitung wird ein Robotermodell gegenüber Ungenauigkeiten bei der Fertigung der Glieder und der Aufstellung untersucht. Die Bemaßung erfolgt mit...  相似文献   
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Einfluß von Mangan auf das Ausscheidungsverhalten von Kohlenstoff und/oder Stickstoff. Vergleich der Ausscheidungskinetik mit der Änderung von Streckgrenze, Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und Verfestigungsexponent während der Alterung.  相似文献   
167.
The problem of sulfur protection in peptide chemistry can be circumvented by synthesis of symmetrical cystine peptides. Such peptides are available also by the MERRIFIELD method as follows: Coupling of excessive bis-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-cystine with an aminoacyl resin leads to the formation of resin bound symmetrical and mixed disulfides. After reduction with a large excess of thiophenol the unreacted cystine-halves are washed out and the disulfide bridges are regenerated by subsequent oxidation with air in the presence of iron (III)-sulfate in dimethylsulfoxide/methylene chloride, or with a small excess of 2,2′-dipyridyldisulfide forming the desired resin bound symmetrical cystine peptide. However, and elongation of this peptide without side reactions is only possible, if the cystine residue is separated from the binding site on the resin by more than one amino acid residue.  相似文献   
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Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, results in patients with aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) have been disappointing. Here, we report retrospectively collected data from intensively pretreated AVPC patients (n = 17; 88.2% visceral metastases; 82% elevation of neuroendocrine markers) treated with salvage chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and paclitaxel (TIP). At the interim analysis, 60% of patients showed radiographic response or stable disease (PFS = 2.5 months; OS = 6 months). In men who responded to chemotherapy, an OS > 15 months was observed. Preclinical analyses confirmed the high activity of the TIP regimen, especially in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. This effect was primarily mediated by increased cisplatin sensitivity in the emergence of taxane resistance. Proteomic and functional analyses identified a lower DNA repair capacity and cell cycle machinery deficiency to be causative. In contrast, paclitaxel showed inconsistent effects, partially antagonizing cisplatin and ifosfamide in some AVPC models. Consequently, paclitaxel has been excluded from the TIP combination for future patients. In summary, we report for the first time the promising efficacy of TIP as salvage therapy in AVPC. Our preclinical data indicate a pivotal role for cisplatin in overcoming docetaxel resistance.  相似文献   
170.
    
Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming human pathogen that is a burden to the food chain. Dormant spores are highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions, but lose resistance after germination. In this study, we investigate the B. cereus spore proteome upon spore germination and outgrowth so as to obtain new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. We used mass spectrometry combined with co-expression network analysis and obtained a unique global proteome view of the germination and outgrowth processes of B. cereus spores by monitoring 2211 protein changeovers. We are the first to examine germination and outgrowth models of B. cereus spores experimentally by studying the dynamics of germinant receptors, other proteins involved in spore germination and resistance, and coat and exosporium proteins. Furthermore, through the co-expression analysis of 1175 proteins identified with high quality data, germination proteome data were clustered into eight modules (termed black, blue, brown, green, red, turquoise, grey, and yellow), whose associated functions and expression profiles were investigated. Germination related proteins were clustered into blue and brown modules, the abundances of which decreased after finishing germination. In the brown and blue we identified 124 proteins that could be vital during germination. These proteins will be very interesting to study in future genetic studies regarding their function in spore revival in B. cereus.  相似文献   
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