一步电沉积镍铁硫化物纳米复合电极

采用一步电沉积法在导电性能优异的碳布上生长二元镍铁硫化物纳米片作为超级电容器的电极,从而进一步提高其电化学性能.由于复合材料纳米结构具有较小的尺寸且表面粗糙多孔,为充放电过程中发生氧化还原反应提供了更加丰富的活性位点.同时,碳布作为基底,也进一步提高了复合材料的导电性.通过比较不同比例Ni-Fe-S/碳布复合材料的电化学性能,得到了性能最优异的比例,并对其进行了进一步的测试.复合材料的比电容在1A/g时可达到770 F/g,并在40 A/g时容量可以保持在672 F/g.在进行10000次循环后,可保持初始值的92.3％.本研究对于二元金属硫化物/碳布复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料的发展具有一定的促进作用.     

基于近似熵的中性点不接地系统故障区段定位*

提出一种基于暂态零序电流近似熵算法的故障区段定位方法.首先提取沿线各检测点暂态零序电流波形前1/4周期数据;然后通过计算其近似熵值及相邻检测点近似熵值比值,为判断故障区段设定阈值;最后通过MAT-LAB/Simulink建立10 kV中性点不接地配电网模型进行仿真分析,验证了该方法的有效性,且不受故障初相角、接地电阻的影响.     

Quantitative determination of corrosion products and adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO2 by IR-RAS measurements

The time dependency of the amounts of corrosion products and co-existing adsorbed water on copper in humid air containing SO₂ was estimated from a series of in situ time-resolved IR-RAS spectra on the basis of the relations between the band intensities and the mass changes of the corrosion products, which were determined by simultaneous measurement of IR-RAS and QCM. The amounts of both corrosion products increased slowly at the initial stage and later increased rapidly. Although the relative humidity was kept constant, the amount of adsorbed water increased nearly the same behavior as that of corrosion products in the stage of relatively small amounts of corrosion products and later increased rapidly when the amounts of corrosion products increased. In humid air without SO₂, sulfite gradually decomposed and some of it changed into sulfate.     

喷射成形1.8C-1.6Al超高碳钢快速凝固组织研究

铸造1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢(UHCS)由于冷速较低，晶粒粗大，珠光体片间距也较大，品界形成了粗大的碳化物网络，同时合金元素产生偏析，品内生成了大块的合金渗碳体，使得它在室温下为脆性，机加工性能极差。喷射成形1．8C—1．6Al超高碳钢则利用喷射成形工艺冷却速度大的特点细化了晶粒，减小了珠光体的片间距，提高了硬度与强度，同时降低了元素偏析程度。同时发现：在铸态1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢中和在喷射成形1．8C-1．6Al超高碳钢中Al在晶内的分布情况正好相反，由反偏析转变为正偏析。     

Temperature and grain size dependence of superplasticity in a Zn−0.3wt.%Al alloy

The superplastic deformation behavior of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3 wt. %Al was investigated. A series of load relaxation and tensile tests was conducted at various temperatures ranging from RT (20 °C) to 200 °C. The recently proposed internal variable theory of structural superplasticity was applied. The flow curves obtained from load relaxation tests were shown to consist of contributions from interface sliding (IS) and accommodating plastic deformation. In the case of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3 wt.% Al alloy with an average agrain size of 1 μm, the IS behavior could be described as a viscous flow process characterized by a power index of M_g=0.5. A large elongation of about 1400% was obtained at room temperature and the strain rate sensitivity parameter was about 0.4. Although relatively large-grained (10 μm) single phase alloy showed a high value of strain rate sensitivity comparable to that of fine-grained alloy at very low strain rate range, IS was not expected from the analysis based on the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity at room temperature. As the temperature increased above 100 °C, however, the contribution from IS was observed at a very low strain rate range. A high elongation of ∼400% was obtained in a specimen of 10-μm-grain-size at 200 °C under a strain rate of 2×10⁻⁴/sec. Jointly appointed at Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials (CAAM)     

基于VERICUT的虚拟龙门加工中心建模和仿真关键技术研究

为减少零部件试切,检验数控工艺合理性,构建了虚拟龙门加工中心。研究了龙门加工中心运动,阐述了侧面铣头运动由旋转中心和换刀点控制,提出了虚拟机床侧面铣削运动构建方法,可实现各角度侧面铣。搭建了虚拟加工环境,通过零件仿真加工,完成了零件顶面及4个侧面的铣削加工,验证了数控代码的正确性,检验了数控工艺合理性,减少了零件试切,缩短了开发周期,仿真结果表明虚拟龙门加工中心的正确性。     

电磁无接触成形过程熔体形状的数值模拟及实验研究

应用有限元方法模拟计算了电磁约束成形过程中感应器结构、固／液界面位置、熔体上顶面位置、电流频率及熔体种类对熔体形状的作用规律。结果表明：喇叭形内壁的感应器中熔体可获得侧面基本垂直的理想形状；固／液界面、熔体上顶面位置对熔体形状有明显的影响：电流频率的变化对熔体成形形状的影响很小：在感应器结构、固／液界面及熔体上顶面位置等确定后，合金种类对熔体形状几乎没有影响。同时对电磁成形规律进行了研究，表明实验与模拟计算的结果取得了很好的吻合。用电磁成形方法完成了Al合金、TiAl化合物和Ni基高温合金的无接触成形，制备出了样件，并对组织实现了定向控制。     

直齿轮精密塑性成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理及控制方法

本文通过对内齿轮缩挤成形工艺的有限元模拟 ,分析了直齿轮成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理 ,并从理论上进行了解释 ,进而提出了防止齿面裂纹产生的方法     

脉冲换向电刷镀镍基纳米SiO2复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用脉冲换向电刷镀方法制备了Ni/n-SiO2复合镀层,应用SEM对镀层表面形貌进行了分析,测试了镀层的孔隙率,以及镀层在海水浸泡条件下的耐腐蚀性能,讨论了镀层的耐腐蚀机理.实验结果表明:与直流工艺条件下的电刷镀镀层相比,脉冲换向电刷镀工艺得到的Ni/n-SiO2复合镀层具有致密精细的表面、较小的孔隙率和较高的耐腐蚀性能.     

新型抗热腐蚀镍基高温合金K44的高温低周疲劳行为

研究了K44合金900℃低周疲劳性能和断裂行为。研究结果表明,该合金在循环形变过程中,首先表现出起始循环硬化或软化,随后循环稳定及最终失稳断裂三阶段。高应变幅下位错切割γ′相形成层错,降低变形阻力,合金表现出循环软化行为;低应变幅下位错在γ′相前塞积造成位错可动性降低,合金表现出循环硬化行为。疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面或近表面缺陷处,以穿晶方式扩展;合金基体中块状碳化物对裂纹扩展起阻滞作用。