Defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu2Zr2O7 pyrochlore: a first-principles study

In the past decades, pyrochlores, such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, have demonstrated great potential to immobilize nuclear wastes such as Pu, which results in the production of Pu₂Zr₂O₇. Due to the high radioactivity of Pu, it is difficult to investigate the radiation response behavior of Pu₂Zr₂O₇ and its physical properties of the damaged state experimentally. Consequently, few related data have been reported in the literature thus far. In this study, first-principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu₂Zr₂O₇. It reveals that Pu_Zr antisite and O_8a interstitial defects are very easy to form in Pu₂Zr₂O₇. In particular, the O_8a interstitial defect can be formed spontaneously, while it is mechanically unstable. When vacancy, interstitial or antisite defects are formed in Pu₂Zr₂O₇, and the elastic moduli and Debye temperature are decreased. Besides, better ductility is resulted. As compared with other zirconate pyrochlores, such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, the Pu₂Zr₂O₇ is suggested to be less resistant to radiation-induced amorphization. This study demonstrates that the created defects due to self-radiation from actinide decay have remarkable influences on the thermophysical properties of Pu₂Zr₂O₇.     

High extinction-ratio microstructure fiber based on chalcogenide glasses

Extinction ratio (ER) is one of the important parameters to characterize the polarization-maintaining (PM) performance of the fiber. In this paper, we report the preparation and properties of a novel chalcogenide microstructure fiber with a high ER. We fabricate a preform using a peeled-off extrusion method. The core and cladding material of the fiber are Ge₉As₂₃Se₆₈ and Ge₁₀As₂₂Se₆₈. The preform was drawn into a fiber with an average ER of −17.08 dB. The loss of the fiber is less than 2 dB over 5.20–8.55 μm, and the minimum loss of the fiber is 0.57 dB/m at 6.2 μm. Moreover, a flat mid-infrared supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.53 to 12.50 μm is generated by pumping an 18-cm-long PM fiber for the first time.     

MWCNTs reinforced conductive,self-healing polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel as the strain sensor

The preparation and application of hydrogel has been a hot research field in recent years. Here in, a composite hydrogel based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), and oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs) was successfully prepared. Hydrogen and imine bonds of the hydrogel endowed the composite hydrogel with self-healing property and pH sensitivity. The fracture strength of the hydrogel was enhanced to about 0.8 MPa with the help of OMWCNTs, which was about 2.5 times compared with the one without OMWCNTs. Meanwhile, a new conductive network inside the hydrogel was constructed by OMWCNTs, which improved the conductivity of the hydrogel from 1.75 × 10⁻⁴ to 7.02 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm. The sensing test of the hydrogel showed that it could produce profound feedback signals for the deformation caused by external force and response to human body movements, such as finger bending, swallowing, and speaking.     

Preparation and study of stable fluorine-free superhydrophobicity of cotton fibers

This paper proposes a method of directly modifying the surface of cotton fiber to achieve super-hydrophobic properties. The process was directly utilized the long-chain alkyl siloxane and the nano-SiO₂ modified cotton cloth, which was simple to operate, low in cost and environmentally friendly. This study discussed the influence of solvent ratio, reactant content and ammonia content on hydrophobicity. The solvent ratio had the greatest influence, and the maximum water contact angle (CA) changes were70° ± 1°. The maximum water CA of the superhydrophobic cotton fabric prepared after process selection was 162 ± 1.5°; it had good acid, alkali and salt resistance. After 24 h in a solution with a pH of 1–14, CA remained almost unchanged; After 144 h in a 3.5% salt solution, CA stabilized above 132°; it had self-cleaning properties; it had good selective adsorption performance, which can quickly separate oil and water; it had good mechanical stability. After 300 times abrasion of sandpaper, which still shows hydrophobic properties.     

Effect of nano fillers on the properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites: Experimental and theoretical simulations

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has excellent corrosion resistance and a low coefficient of friction; however, its high wear rate and low hardness severely limit its use. In the work, nano particles were used as fillers for PTFE. The composites were prepared by the homogeneous mixing of PTFE and other fillers and sintered at high temperatures. The work aimed to investigate the effect of various nano fillers (nanocarbon powders, graphene, fullerene, nano graphite powders, and nano copper powders) on the mechanical, thermal, and frictional properties of composites. The results of the experiments showed that the addition of graphene could improve the stress and strain values of the composites, and all the nano fillers could improve the thermal conductivity of the PTFE composites. The friction experiments showed that fullerenes could significantly improve the wear resistance of PTFE composites. In the theoretical simulation, the thermal conductivity of PTFE composites was predicted using ANSYS software, with the changes in the temperature and friction force in the friction process. The theoretical simulation results matched with the experimental values, which proved the accuracy of the theoretical simulations.     

适用于非整数次幂的高精度混合基FFT谐波测量算法

快速傅里叶变换(FFT)是目前谐波分析中常用的分析算法,加窗插值FFT算法能够改善频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,但是FFT对采样数据序列有一定的长度要求.以基2为例,针对非2整数次幂数据序列无法采用快速傅里叶变换的问题,在分析研究常规混合基FFT算法频谱分布的基础上,提出一种适用于非整数次幂的高精度混合基FFT谐波测量算法.该算法采用四根谱线对混合基结果进行插值校正计算,该文详细分析推导了该算法的原理和修正过程.仿真及试验结果表明,在非2整数次幂条件下,与常规混合基FFT算法、补零FFT算法相比,该算法具有更高的谐波分析准确度,并且参数设置更加灵活.     

考虑生物质供给价格弹性的工业园区综合能源系统规划

针对以生物质联供机组为核心的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)在实际运行过程中存在的生物质燃料收集困难、供应不稳定等问题,文章提出了一种考虑生物质供给价格弹性的综合能源系统规划方法。首先,基于生物质收购价格弹性理论建立了秸秆收集成本模型,并将其引入工业园区综合能源系统双层规划中。其次,上层模型以设备规划容量及秸秆收购价格为优化变量,以年化综合费用最小为优化目标;下层模型以设备逐时出力及秸秆消耗量为优化变量,以考虑价格弹性的秸秆收集成本在内的年运行成本最小为优化目标,并采用粒子群算法和CPLEX工具箱进行联合求解。最后,以吉林省某典型工业园区为算例验证了所提规划方法更贴合工程实际情况,具有更加优越的经济性。     

退役电缆附件微观结构与电荷特性研究

电缆附件是输电线路中最容易出现故障的薄弱环节,从微观结构和电荷特性方面入手,分析和探索退役电缆附件的失效行为和影响规律,是提高电力系统安全稳定运行的关键。该文研究对象取样于退役或故障电缆附件绝缘,通过对其表面化学组成和形貌的观测分析、材料陷阱参数的测量计算以及空间电荷的测试,分析老化作用下三者之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:三元乙丙橡胶(ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM)绝缘的电缆附件,其老化标志除了出现C—O、C=O结构外,还包括因终端填充硅油而引入的含Si基团及其比例的改变;而在硅橡胶(siliconerubber,Si R)绝缘的电缆附件中,Si—O—Si比例的下降是其严重劣化的标志;与EPDM相比,Si R浅陷阱能级和密度占据优势,其表面电位衰减和电荷消散速度明显更快,能够有效避免空间电荷的集聚,但是由于Si R较差的抗撕裂性容易产生裂纹;退役电缆附件长期运行在复杂的环境下,材料的氧化、主链和侧链的断裂及其他杂质的生成,是附件绝缘陷阱参数及电荷特性变化的主要原因。     

电力物联网环境下网络安全防护研究

针对现有技术中网络安全防护技术滞后的问题,提出了新型的网络安全防护技术.根据电力物联网运行逻辑,分析感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层运行风险.确定安全防护整体性目标,利用纠删码技术构造编码函数,分析纠删码编码过程,采用Reed-Solomon码作为BCH码,以此纠正随机错误,得到生成矩阵.通过设置密钥认证机制,完成防护方案设计.试验表明,防攻击效率达到99％,防护效果好.     

含电动汽车充电的配电网运行可靠性评估算法

现有方法难以对不同充电状态下的配电网运行状态进行准确评估,为此设计含电动汽车充电的配电网运行可靠性评估算法.通过计算配电网运行情况与配电网元件使用状态,实现配电网运行可靠性评估指标的选取.同时,设定充电周期,计算电动汽车充电功率,并将此作为评估参考因素之一.采用模拟法构建评估模型,将运行可靠性评估指标与电动汽车充电功率融入此模型中,实现对含电动汽车充电的配电网运行可靠性的评估.算例测试结果表明,在慢充和快充状态下的评估计算响应时间明显低于现有方法,并且评估结果的准确性较高.算法更适用于电动汽车配电网运行状态的评估.