Inhibitory effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on activities of soil enzymes

To evaluate the influence of various Cr(VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/kg) on the activity of soil enzymes, the activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in soils were investigated in the incubation experiment with a period of 35 d. The results indicate that all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity by over 70% after 35 d. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is slightly inhibited during the whole experiment except for on the day 7. Cr(VI) has no obvious effect on the activity of catalase in soil. On the contrary, Cr(VI) stimulates the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The results suggest that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of chromium pollution. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

Purification and characterization of extracellular chitinase from a novel strain Aspergillus fumigatus CS-01

Twelve samples derived from different locations in south central area of China are treated by enrichment and spread-plate technique for initial screening. Seven chitinase-producing strains are isolated. The chitinase present in the culture supernatant of strain CS-01 possesses the maximum activity of 0.118 U/mL. Analysis of the morphological feature and the ITS rDNA sequence reveals that strain CS-01 belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of the chitinase is regulated by a inducible way and the maximum activity appears at 36 h in colloidal chitin culture. Purification of the chitinase is carried out by salting out, gel filtrate chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially. Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE indicate that the chitinase from A. fumigatus CS-01 is a monomer with the relative molecular mass estimated to be 4.50×10⁴. Its maximum activity appears at pH 5 and 55 °C. The chitinase is stable at pH 4.0–7.5 and below 45 °C. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Alkaline treatment kinetics of calcium phosphate by piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance

Calcium phosphate film was prepared by electrochemical deposition technology. Subsequently, the alkaline treatment process of calcium phosphate film in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was monitored on real time by the piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance (PQCI) technique. The variations of morphology and composition for the alkaline treatment products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The dynamic variations of calcium phosphate can be characterized by the change of equivalent circuit parameters. The results show that the forming process of hydroxyapatite (HA) is composed of three stages: (1) acidic calcium phosphate dissolution; (2) phase transformation; and (3) HA formation. Furthermore, the correlative kinetic equations and parameters are obtained by fitting the static capacitance (C _s)—time curves. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623901) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

Constitutive equations and finite element implementation of strain localization in sand deformation

A recently proposed model coupling with the solid-fluid of the saturated sand was utilized to study the deformation band. Based on the critical state plasticity model by Borja and Andrade, the hydraulic conductivity tensor was naturally treated as a function of the spatial discretization matrix about the displacement and the stress field, allowing a more realistic representation of the physical phenomenon. The fully Lagrangian form of the Darcy law was resolved by Piola algorithm, and then the flow law was gained, leading to the implementation of a modified model of the saturated sand. Then the criterion for the onset of localization was derived and utilized to detect instability. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element program coded by FORTRAN, which was used to predict the formation and development of shear bands in plane strain compression of saturated sand. At last, the formation mechanism of the shear band was discussed. It is shown that the model works well, and the simulation sample bifurcates at 1.18% axial strain, which is in a good qualitative agreement with the experiment. The pore pressure greatly affects the onset and development of the deformation band, and it obviously increases around the localization-prone regions with the direction toward the outer side of the normal of the shear band, while the pore stress flows nearly horizontally and is distributed equally far away the shear band region. Foundation item: Project(2006G007-C) supported by the Foundation of the Science and Technology Section of Ministry of Railway of China; Project(77206) supported by the Excellent PhD Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University, China     

A sink moving scheme based on local residual energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks

In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks, sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink, which depletes their energy very quickly. A moving scheme for the sink based on local residual energy was proposed. In the scheme, the sink periodically moves to a new location with the highest stay-value defined by the average residual energy and the number of neighbors. The scheme can balance energy consumption and prevent nodes around sink from draining their energy very quickly in the networks. The simulation results show that the scheme can prolong the network lifetime by 26%–65% compared with the earlier schemes where the sink is static or moves randomly. Foundation item: Project(60673164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20060533057) supported by the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China     

逐层钻孔法测试多层材料残余应力数值研究

以典型的复合层状材料热障涂层为例,利用有限元分析软件对热障涂层的松弛系数进行了数值计算分析研究.介绍了逐层钻孔法有限元三维模拟分析具体步骤.通过计算分析,分别研究了TBC层微观孔形和BC层厚度及钻孔进给量对系数的影响,从而找出孔型变化和厚度增加对对系数影响的变化规律.     

反旋向多漩流器阵列燃烧室流场的数值研究

采用雷诺应力模型(RSTM)对于反旋向多漩流器阵列贫油直喷(LDI)燃烧室的非反应冷态流场进行了数值模拟.研究中采用了一种3×3的漩流器阵列结构,相邻漩流器的旋向交替变化.计算结果表明,所研究的燃烧室流场结构十分复杂.由于相邻漩流器之间对于漩流的强化作用,因而各回流区维持了较长的长度.流场中存在的多个回流区及强湍流表明该燃烧室有潜力实现良好的燃烧性能.通过将雷诺应力模型的模拟结果与LDV实验数据进行比较发现,计算结果与实验值符合良好,说明雷诺应力模型较好地求解了回流区和高速度梯度问题.     

各向异性介质涂覆曲面导体目标的散射

由于各向异性介质电磁参数为张量形式,使得各向异性介质涂覆导体目标的电磁散射建模和精确计算相当复杂和困难.引入高阶张量阻抗边界条件,可以大大简化建模过程,提高计算效率.论文针对各向异性介质涂覆曲面导体目标,采用基于平面近似的高阶张量阻抗边界条件,将一维二阶张量阻抗边界条件应用于柱面涂覆目标,二维二阶张量阻抗边界条件应用于三维曲面涂覆目标上,建立二者的高阶张量阻抗边界条件解.设计算例仿真,并与精确解/矩量法解比较.通过仿真,研究了各向异性介质涂覆目标电尺寸、涂覆厚度以及目标形状对高阶张量阻抗边界条件解的精度的影响.     

茶饮料中糖精钠的测定

建立了茶饮料中糖精钠的荧光分光光度测定方法。样品前处理采用盐酸酸化,加入氯化钠,乙醚萃取后再用2 g/L碳酸钠溶液洗涤乙醚萃取层,加热除去乙醚定容后用荧光光度计测定。测试条件为：激发波长265 nm,发射波长475 nm。方法检测限为2 mg/kg,线性范围在2～60 mg/kg之间,变异系数为1.97%,回收率96.8%。     

纳米氧化铜微粒对冷冻机油粘度的影响

面对制冷行业提出的提高制冷系统能效,降低空调用能的要求现对纳米氧化铜微粒对冷冻机油粘度的影响进行了研究,通过降低冷冻机油的粘度来达到提高制冷系统能效的目的.实验通过锥-板粘度计分别对纯油、纯油＋纳米微粒溶胶、纯油＋表面活性剂及纯油＋表面活性剂＋纳米氧化铜溶胶四组流体进行了粘度测量并进行比较,结果发现纯油＋纳米氧化铜微粒不但不能够降低冷冻机油的粘度,反而可能会增加制冷系统的能耗;而纯油＋表面活性＋纳米氧化铜微粒的溶胶稳定性好,又能够降低冷冻机油的粘度,对于降低制冷系统的能耗有一定的参考价值.