煤制油与煤气化制甲醇技术的比较与选择

煤炭液化制油技术投资大、煤耗高、耗水多、污染严重,以目前的技术水平,生产1t油往往需要4～5t煤,折算其热能利用率为50%,若按南非的煤耗（6t）计,其热能利用率仅为33.3%。改用煤炭气化制甲醇技术,采用6MPa纯氧高压气化制合成气（CO＋H2）,合成气可产双倍的甲醇,则1t甲醇的煤耗仅为1.3～1.5t,甲醇用作汽车发动机燃料时,以1.3～1.5t甲醇相当于1t汽油作功计算,则煤炭的热能利用率可以达到66%～76%。如果配套水电解制氢技术,还可以实现CO2的零排放。中国每年有20×10^8t的煤炭产量,如果将其中的12×10^8t纳入煤炭气化制甲醇产业链,可每年创造产值约2.67万亿元,可减排CO2约30×10^8t。     

基于双重约束的光伏逆变器直接前馈阻尼控制研究

针对高比例光伏发电系统网侧变弱潜在的高频谐振问题,提出一种基于输出电流直接前馈的新型阻尼控制方案,并对环路谐振抑制参数整定的全局-局部运行双重约束进行研究。首先,建立光伏多机并网系统数学模型,利用阻抗比判断潜在的高频谐振。其次,对逆变器串电阻环路变换构建等效的输出电流直接前馈控制环路,通过分析不同谐振抑制参数下系统全局高频谐振治理效果及单台逆变器局部运行状态,以全局-局部稳定为双重约束确定了谐振抑制参数可行域,并分析电气参数随运行状态变化下所提方案的抗扰能力。最后,搭建光伏多机并网系统的仿真实验平台验证上述研究的有效性。     

吸力式桶形基础负压安装的渗流侵蚀过程研究

针对吸力式桶形基础负压安装渗流侵蚀效应,建立轴对称坐标下吸力桶在砂性土中负压沉贯的数值模型,应用包含土骨架、流体和液化土颗粒的三相耦合模型描述海床土体,计算负压作用下海床的渗流场分布,并模拟负压引起的渗流侵蚀过程.渗流侵蚀可改变不同区域土体的渗透率,进而引起水力梯度从内侧向外侧转移.基于孔隙水压力场的重新分布,揭示出负...     

Inhibition of hydrogen production reactions in the wet dust removal system using CeCl3 solutions

For treatment of aluminum dust, a wet dust removal system has been used worldwide. During treatment, aluminum dust is inhaled into a water tank of the dust collector. As hydrogen production reactions are likely to take place in the water tank, there exists a great risk of fire or explosion accidents associated with the wet dust removal system. Based on field research and laboratory experiments, Hydrogen Inhibition Method (HIM) by using CeCl₃ solutions was proved capable of inhibiting reactions between aluminum dust and water. When the concentration of CeCl₃ solutions reached 6.02 g/L, there was basically no hydrogen gas produced. SEM, EDS and XPS characterizations were used to assess the aluminum particles before and after being reacted with water or CeCl₃ solutions, respectively. Shrinking core model was utilized to identify the corresponding chemical reaction kinetics. Additionally, a physicochemical mechanism was established to explain these phenomena.     

Experimental study on the external electrical thermal and dynamic power characteristics of alkaline water electrolyzer

As hydrogen production with a water electrolyzer is an effective way for renewable energy consumption, understanding the external electrical characteristics of water electrolyzer is of great significance for the modeling and simulation, system configuration, and control strategy of the system for hydrogen production by renewable energy. However, there are relatively fewer studies in this area. This paper presents the establishment of an experimental platform to conduct an experimental study on the static and dynamic voltage‐current characteristics and analyze the adjustability of the electric power of the traditional alkaline water electrolyzer, the relationship between the electrical characteristics and the electrolyte temperature, and operating point of the alkaline water electrolyzer. In addition, the mathematical fitting problem of the electrical characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer is discussed. The work could supply a reference to alkaline water electrolyzer intergrated application in renewable energy.     

Metal binding novel flaxseed peptides (linusorbs)

Linusorbs (LOs; a.k.a. cyclolinopeptides) are naturally occurring orbitides derived from flaxseed. These compounds consist of 8–10 amino acid residues, which are linked via an N ‐ to C‐terminal peptide bond with molecular masses of approximately 1 kDa. The LO circular structure makes them candidates for metal binding studies. Flaxseed extracts are known to suppress Pb and Cd toxicity. Hence, four metal salts surveyed include Zn(CH₃COO)₂, ZnSO₄, Pb(CH₃COO)₂ and Cd(NO₃)₂ with pure LOs 1–5 . Proton NMR spectra indicated interaction of LOs with metal salts in solution and were used to determine impacts of methionine oxidation on interactions with metal ions. The methyl group of methionine S,S ‐ dioxide of related LOs did not show the same shift in the presence of Zn(CH₃COO)₂ and Pb(CH₃COO)₂ observed in their methionine S ‐ oxide analogues. Metal complexes were observed forming at 10^?2 m to 10^?4 m but not at lower concentrations (10^?5 m to 10^?8 m ). Mass spectrometry data confirmed that metal binding strength varied by metal in the order Zn(CH₃COO)₂<Pb(CH₃COO)₂<ZnSO₄<Cd(NO₃)₂.     

Effects of polysaccharides and polyphenolics fractions of Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. kitamura) on α‐glucosidase activity and blood glucose level and glucose tolerance of hyperglycaemic mice

The effects of polysaccharides, theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownin fractions of Zijuan tea on α‐glucosidase and blood glucose level and intolerance of hyperglycaemic mice were evaluated. The polysaccharides or theaflavins fraction exhibited greater inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase than acarbose positive control, thearubigins fraction or theabrownin fraction. The four fractions were delivered to the treatment mice through oval gavage each day for 15 days. The mice in polysaccharides and theaflavins high‐ and low‐dose and theabrownin high‐dose treatments significantly lowered their blood glucose levels while all the treatment mice gained body weight. The mice in polysaccharides, theaflavins and theabrownin high‐ and low‐dose treatments had greater glucose tolerance as well. Thus, the theaflavins and polysaccharides fractions of Zijuan tea effectively moderated the complications of hyperglycaemic mice. The lower effectiveness of thearubigins and theabrownin fractions may be caused by the highly polymerised polyphenolics which decreased their accessibility to α‐glucosidase and digestibility in mice.     

The influence of light on the chroma of aviation kerosene

Influence of light on the chroma of low pressure hydrogenation aviation kerosene was studied using different lights (ultraviolet light, infrared light, sunlight and no light) in the same environment full of oxygen. UV light with short wavelength has the largest influence. Coloring substances were isolated by adsorption on neutral alumina followed by ether extraction and identified by using infrared spectrum, elemental analysis and two-dimensional GC-MS. Oxygen-containing compounds are main coloring substances. Light can provide the required energy to convert unsaturated hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds to phenols, quinones and ketones.