美国UL484《房间空调器安全标准》的探讨

本文说明了在使用UL484《房间空调器安全标准》时应特别注意的诸如产品结构设计、材料使用和元件选择等问题,同时比照空调器国家安全标准进行讨论。文章列举UL标准中有特色的试验作为论据,如“温度压力试验”以及与IEC335-2-40的一些差异。     

基于现场总线的电动执行机构在电站工程的应用研究

文章通过对Profibus DP总线技术及其应用的综合论述，分析了现场总线电动执行机构的应用优势和需要注意的问题。针对基于Profibus DP总线协议的AUMA一体化电动执行机构，具体阐述了其在浙江国华宁海电站一期工程的硬件构架、上位机组态和操作的实现，从而真正体现基于现场总线技术的电动执行机构的安全性、经济性。     

Dynamic origin-destination demand estimation using automatic vehicle identification data

This paper proposes a dynamic origin-destination (OD) estimation method to extract valuable point-to-point split-fraction information from automatic vehicle identification (AVI) counts without estimating market-penetration rates and identification rates of AVI tags. A nonlinear ordinary least-squares estimation model is presented to combine AVI counts, link counts, and historical demand information into a multiobjective optimization framework. A joint estimation formulation and a one-sided linear-penalty formulation are further developed to take into account possible identification and representativeness errors, and the resulting optimization problems are solved by using an iterative bilevel estimation procedure. Based on a synthetic data set, this study shows the effectiveness of the proposed estimation models under different market-penetration rates and identification rates.     

高压直流输电系统中交流滤波器小组开关失灵保护研究

分析了交流滤波器小组开关失灵保护的特点.在某些特殊的故障方式下,流过交流滤波器小组开关的故障电流和正常运行时的负荷电流相差不大.如果仅采用相电流判据,将无法避免失灵保护误动或者拒动.针对单纯采用相电流判据的不足之处,本文提出增加零序电流、负序电流及电流变化量判据,以有效地避免保护误动或者拒动.     

Carbon nanotube-ceramic composites

The effective utilization of CNTs in composite application depends strongly on the ability to disperse CNTs homogeneously throughout the matrix and the interfacial combination is necessary for improving the CNT-based composite properties. In our work, we used surfactant and acid treatment to modify the CNTs surface and then incorporated the functionalized CNTs into various ceramic matrices including oxide and nitride ceramics. The fabrication of ceramic nanoparticle-immobilized CNTs not only improves the homogeneous distribution of CNTs in the ceramic matrices, but also makes the combination between two phases more tight. Mechanical property measurements clealy reveal obvious enhancement confirming the fabrication of true CNT-based composite materials with improved toughness properties. The addition of 0.1 wt% CNTs in the alumina increased the fracture toughness by about 1.6 times from 3.7 to 4.9 MPa.m^1/2. For 1 wt% CNTs/BaTiO₃composite, the toughness value (1.65 MPa.m^1/2) is about 2.4 times than that of pure BaTiO₃(0.68 MPa.m^1/2). For 5 wt% CNTs/TiN composite, the fracture toughness is 3.81 MPa.m^1/2, which is about 1.6 times than that of pure TiN ceramic whose toughness is 2.45 MPa . m^1/2.     

精确测量蓄电池内阻方法的研究

蓄电池作为电源系统停电时的备用电源,已广泛应用于工业生产,以及交通、通信等行业。蓄电池状态的重要标志之一就是它的内阻。因此实现蓄电池内阻的在线实时监测,将有重要的实际意义。本文提出了基于鉴相处理技术的方法,介绍了该测量方法的原理,同时提供了检测蓄电池的交流恒流源的设计思想。     

创新型的基于软开关的X射线电源系统

自动X射线检测(AXI)已经成为检测和评估复杂微机电系统(MEMS)和微光电子机械系统(MOEMS)的基本方法,在医疗、考古等领域也有了广泛应用,而稳定可靠高效的直流高压电源是AXI的核心组件。一般的高压直流电源为定值输出,它们在X射线管这样的宽负载变化范围下的稳态和暂态响应不能满足AXI的要求。基于AXI的需要,本文介绍了一种最新研制的可调高压电源,创新型的主电路拓扑结构由PFC(功率因数校正)模块、Buck模块、逆变电路、高频变压器和倍压电路组成。电源利用变压器的寄生参数谐振工作,利用软形状技术实现了ZCS低损耗。PFC模块能使此电源系统适用于国内外市场并且可减小对电网的谐波污染。电源的控制电路采用基于DSP的PI调解器,并基于RS232实现与PC的通信,从而实现本地控制和远程管理。     

Grain growth of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during isothermal heat treatment

The microstructure of an Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during isothermal heat treatment in the Strain Induced Melt Activation （SIMA） process was investigated and the kinetics of grain growth was analyzed, The grain growth during isothermal heat treatment of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy coincided with the Ostwald ripening theory. During isothermal heat treatment, both grain shape and the high volume fraction of solid phase have significant effects on grain growth. Therefore, a new grain growth model based on the Ostwald ripening theory was proposed taking into consideration the grain shape and the volume fraction of solid phase. By comparing the calculated results with the experimental results, it was confirmed that the present model could be applied to grain growth during isothermal heat treatment of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy in the SIMA process.