双功能催化剂上四氢萘加氢裂化生成单环芳烃的反应网络研究

Conversion of LCO (light cycle oil) to BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) is an economically valuable method for refineries. However, this approach still faces difficulties as the main reactions are not clearly understood. Here we study the detailed hydrocracking pathway of typical reactants, 1-methylnaphthalene and tetralin, through molecular simulations and experiments to improve our understanding of the conversion process of LCO to BTX. Molecular simulations demonstrate that the rate-determining step is the isomerization pathway of six-membered ring to five-membered ring in tetralin as its activation energy (ΔEa) is the highest among all the reactions and the order of ΔEa of reactions is isomerization > ring-opening ≈ side-chain cleavage. The results of experiments show that with the increase in reaction depth, i.e., through a high temperature (350 – 370 °C) and low LHSV (4.5 – 6.0 h−1), isomerization, ring-opening, and side-chain  cleavage reactions occurred, thus improving the selectivity and yield of alkyl aromatics.     

An evaluation of the effectiveness of applying a gelatin–copper complex in the low-temperature bleaching of cotton with hydrogen peroxide

A gelatin–copper complex was prepared and then added as catalyst to a hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath. Cotton fabric was bleached with the new system at low temperature (70 °C). The effects of the gelatin–copper complex on the whiteness, capillary effect, damage, and bleaching rate of the bleached fabric and on the decomposition ratio of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. These effects were compared with the effectiveness of traditional high-temperature bleaching and low-temperature bleaching without the gelatin–copper complex. The results showed that the gelatin–copper complex enhances the bleaching effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide. The whiteness of cotton fabric bleached with the catalytic complex is comparable with the whiteness achieved with a conventional peroxide system. The catalytic bleaching technology not only realises low-temperature and low-alkali bleaching of cotton with hydrogen peroxide but also reduces fabric strength loss, which meets the requirements of industry for continued development of the wet processing of textiles.     

超音速火焰喷涂NiTi合金涂层的形状记忆效应

采用超音速火焰喷涂制备超致密NiTi合金涂层,通过后续热处理获得优化相变结构,并通过压痕法分析涂层的形状记忆效应。光学显微镜及扫描电镜对NiTi合金涂层微观结构表征显示,喷涂制备态涂层由内部岛状-链状界面叠片组成,涂层致密孔隙率约为0.82%。X射线衍射分析显示,NiTi涂层制备态为全奥氏体,经时效处理析出Ni₄Ti₃相。压痕法分析表明,在制备态及时效态涂层中均获得了一定的单程及双程形状记忆效应。X射线物相分析及差示扫描量热仪对比分析揭示,时效析出的第二相粒子显著增加形状记忆效应。     

非晶合金卷绕定子铁心振动噪声的研究

建立考虑磁致伸缩效应的非晶合金卷绕定子铁心的磁-机械耦合数学模型。采用非晶合金定子铁心模态实验对卷绕结构铁心弹性模量进行修正的方法,研究非晶合金定子铁心卷绕结构对振动的影响。应用三维有限元法计算定子铁心的磁场分布、形变和振动加速度;并在此基础上分析定子铁心周围声场分布。提出非晶合金卷绕定子铁心振动噪声测试方法,通过实验验证计算方法的有效性。同时完成了不同供电频率下不同磁通密度时定子铁心振动噪声的测试,总结定子铁心振动和噪声的影响规律。得出定子铁心振动加速度随磁通密度平方呈正比和定子铁心噪声随磁通密度呈对数函数规律变化的结论,确定了曲线拟合公式和系数。     

磷掺杂比例对a-Si∶H薄膜太阳电池窗口层光电性能的影响

采用RF-PECVD法制备了磷掺杂氢化非晶硅(a-Si∶H)薄膜作为太阳电池窗口层.通过椭偏仪、Keithley 4200对所制备样品进行分析测试,研究了不同掺杂比例对非晶硅薄膜沉积速率、消光系数、折射率、光学带隙及电导率等的影响.实验表明:薄膜沉积速率随掺杂浓度升高先减小再增大;薄膜消光系数、折射率及禁带宽度随掺杂浓度升高呈现先减小后增大再减小的现象;电导率则先增大后减小再增大.     

斜视电子地图生产辅助系统建设

从斜视电子地图数据生产实际出发,对业务流程进行分析,并介绍了斜视电子地图生产辅助系统的主体架构和功能实现.斜视电子地图生产辅助系统通过系统集成的方式对3ds Max和基础地理信息系统进行调度,不仅方便了生产的管理,更是提高了效率,对数据生产具有较大的促进作用.     

结合神经网络与遗传算法的磨抛工艺参数优化

针对机器人磨抛系统工艺参数的自主选择与优化问题,提出一种基于神经网络与遗传算法的磨抛工艺参数优化方法,采用基于人工神经网络的工件表面粗糙度预测模型解决各工艺参数间复杂的非线性问题,结合粗糙度预测模型与磨抛效率公式,通过遗传算法对各工艺参数进行全局寻优解决加工质量和效率的双目标优化问题并得到最优工艺参数组合.在满足加工质量要求的前提下,加工效率提高了近三分之一,证明此工艺参数优化方法是可行有效的.     

基于GC-MS指纹图谱和化学计量学方法鉴别陈皮

制备了陈皮挥发油提取物并建立其气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）指纹图谱,对不同批次的陈皮指纹图谱进行相似度评价;对其共有成分峰面积数据进行主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）。建立了具有16个共有峰的新会陈皮挥发油指纹图谱,通过化学计量学分析方法能将新会陈皮和其他陈皮样品准确区分开来;不同采摘期及贮存时间陈皮的成分呈现规律性特征。方法可用于不同产地、采摘期及贮存时间陈皮的鉴别,并为陈皮的质量控制提供依据。     

高剪切力下气泡聚并与破碎特性的数值研究

了解气泡在剪切力场中的聚并与破碎机理及生长与运动特性,对于气液搅拌槽中桨叶的优化设计具有重要意义。将欧拉-欧拉模型与群体平衡模型(population balance model, PBM)进行耦合,对不同剪切力下的气液两相流场进行求解,研究了剪切力、高剪切力下进气速度、气泡塔高度对气泡聚并与破碎的影响,并结合气泡的聚并与破碎模型对高剪切力下气泡的聚并与破碎机理进行了探究。研究表明,剪切力主要影响气泡的破碎,当剪切力较小时其对气泡破碎的影响较小,随着剪切力的增大其对气泡破碎的影响逐渐显著,使小气泡的含量大幅增多;高剪切力下进气速度、气泡塔高度对气泡的聚并与破碎的影响不明显。