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101.
Norton NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramics were implanted with sodium to a dose of 7.0×1015cm-2 at 72 keV (1 at% peak sodium content at 100 nm). The sodium-implanted samples were further implanted with aluminium to 7.3×1015cm-2 at 87 keV (1 at% peak aluminium content at 100 nm). The implanted and unimplanted samples were oxidized in 1 atm dry oxygen
at 1100 and 1300°C for 2–6 h. Profilometry and scanning electron microscopy measurements indicated that sodium implantation
led to up to a two-fold increase in the oxidation rate of silicon nitride. The sodium effect was effectively neutralized when
aluminium was co-implanted. The opposite effects of sodium and aluminium on the oxidation resistance of silicon nitride can
be attributed to their different roles in modifying the structure and properties of the oxide formed.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
102.
The water sorption behaviour of several cross-linked gelatin-based systems were investigated and compared. The systems were
gelatin, gelatin/ethyleneglycol, gelatin/polyoxypropylenediamine, and gelatin/polyethylene oxide. For all the systems, an
increased water gain was obtained by raising the concentration of the second component, while the swelling was reduced by
an increase of the cross-linking density.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
103.
Z. Yu Y. F. Hsia X. Z. You H. Spiering P. Gutlich 《Journal of Materials Science》1997,32(24):6579-6581
A light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) experiment for a thermal gradual spin crossover complex, Fetris (2-pyridylmethyl)
amine(NCS)2 or Fe(tpa) (NCS)2, was attempted for the first time. The high spin (HS) state after light inducement stayed metastable
over a period of days without relaxation at 10 K. Intersystem relaxation from a high to a low spin (LS) complex occurred at
50 K after bleaching at 10 K. Investigation of the Mossbauer spectra of the LIESST and relaxation experiment indicated that
the Debye–Waller factor was a correlation parameter of the HS fraction and that the co-operative effect played a role in the
relaxation process for such a solid compound.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
104.
Wavelength selection for low-saturation pulse oximetry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mannheimer P.D. Cascini J.R. Fein M.E. Nierlich S.L. 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1997,44(3):148-158
Conventional pulse oximeters are accurate at high oxygen saturation under a variety of physiological conditions but show worsening accuracy at lower saturation (below 70%). Numerical modeling suggests that sensors fabricated with 735 and 890 nm emitters should read more accurately at low saturation under a variety of conditions than sensors made with conventionally used 660 and 900 nm band emitters. Recent animal testing confirms this expectation. It is postulated that the most repeatable and stable accuracy of the pulse oximeter occurs when the fractional change in photon path lengths due to perturbations in the tissue (relative to the conditions present during system calibration) is equivalent at the two wavelengths. Additionally, the penetration depth (and/or breadth) of the probing light needs to be well matched at the two wavelengths in order to minimize the effects of tissue heterogeneity. At high saturation these conditions are optimally met with 660 and 900 nm band emitters, while at low saturation 735 and 890 nm provide better performance 相似文献
105.
F Pigozzi N Santori V Di Salvo A Parisi L Di-Luigi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,20(6):505-509
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of perioperative morbidities in patients who underwent anesthesia and a surgical procedure with no preoperative laboratory testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an electronic database search of medical records of 56,119 patients who underwent surgical or diagnostic procedures and anesthesia at Mayo Clinic Rochester in 1994 and found 5,120 who had no laboratory tests done within 90 days before the procedure. From this group, we randomly selected 1,044 patients (87 from each month) to document the absence of preoperative tests, the presence of preexisting disease (by organ system), the type of anesthetic agent, and the outcomes and tests intraoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: The 1,044 patients ranged in age from 0 to 95 years (median age, 21). No deaths or major perioperative morbidities occurred (0.0%; exact 95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.35%). Although 10 patients underwent blood typing and screening for antibodies immediately preoperatively, no blood transfusions were necessary. Intraoperatively, 17 laboratory tests and 1 electrocardiogram were obtained, and 3 results were abnormal. Postoperatively, 42 blood tests and 2 electrocardiographic procedures were performed. Five of the 42 blood tests showed abnormal results (hemoglobin levels in 3, serum sodium in 1, and arterial blood gases in 1). One electrocardiogram showed normal findings, and the other revealed normal results except for premature ventricular contractions. No laboratory test done intraoperatively or postoperatively was found to change surgical or medical management substantially. One patient who had unanticipated blood loss during an outpatient procedure was admitted to the hospital for observation. CONCLUSION: All 1,044 patients, 97% of whom were relatively healthy, with no recent laboratory testing safely underwent anesthesia and an operation. We conclude that patients who have been assessed by history and physical examination and determined to have no preoperative indication for laboratory tests can safely undergo anesthesia and operation with tests obtained only as indicated intraoperatively and post-operatively. Current anesthetic and medical practices rapidly identify perioperative indications for laboratory evaluation as they arise. 相似文献
106.
T Mukasa Y Khoroku T Tsukahara MY Momoi I Kimura T Momoi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,232(1):192-197
P19 EC cells undergoes apoptosis during neuronal differentiation induced by retinoic acid. Two CPP32-like proteases, CPP32 and Mch-3, are expressed in untreated and retinoic acid-treated P19 EC cells. CPP32-like activity is remarkably increased in apoptosis during neuronal differentiation of P19 EC cells. Inhibition of CPP32-like proteases prevents apoptosis, suggesting that activation of CPP32-like proteases play central roles in the apoptosis during neuronal differentiation of P19 EC cells. Wortmannin, PI-3K inhibitor, enhances the CPP32-like activity of the retinoic acid-treated P19 EC cells. PI-3K may be involved in the apoptosis during neuronal differentiation as negative regulator. 相似文献
107.
Spontaneous resolution of deformities after excision of facial skin lesions has been known and used for a long time by plastic surgeons. The resorption mechanism of deformity is based on natural skin expansion, and seems to be directly related to the action of the muscles of facial expression and their skin relations. Natural expansion has been shown to be effective in children. Between 1990 and 1994 excision of skin lesions, including congenital nevi, leading to postoperative deformity of the cheek, labial commissure, nose, eyelid and forehead, was performed on 35 patients, aged from 3 month to 12 years. The average follow-up is 24 months. For 26 patients (74%), natural resorption was observed 4 or 6 weeks later with good aesthetic results. For 6 patients (17%), the deformity persisted 3 or 6 months later, but did not require any further surgery. For 3 patients (9%), a second operation was necessary. Using the skins natural capacity for expansion in the treatment of facial skin defects in children is a method of reconstruction which has already been used for excision in enforced position. The platysma and muscles of facial expression by their action on skin mobilisation, allow natural expansion. A better knowledge of cutaneous biomechanical properties enables plastic surgeons to find an alternative to other classical methods. 相似文献
108.
M Vives ME Garcia P Saenz MA Mora L Mata H Sabharwal C Svanborg 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,16(9):852-858
BACKGROUND: The establishment of the nasopharyngeal flora was followed in Costa Rican children from birth to 1 year of age. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained at 1 (n = 413), 3 (n = 393), 6 (n = 376) and 12 months (n = 356) of age from children representative of the population in the Puriscal district. Weekly cultures were obtained from a subcohort of these children (n = 101). Mother-infant diads (n = 95) and preschool children (n = 208) attending day-care centers were also studied. RESULTS: The estimated proportion of colonized children in the population differed markedly depending on the frequency of culture. Quarterly cultures showed a slow increase in carrier rates from 3.9% for Haemophilus influenzae, 3.1% for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 6.5% for Moraxella catarrhalis at 1 month of age to 10.1% carrying H. influenzae and 19.4% carrying S. pneumoniae by the end of the first year. By quarterly culture the proportion of children colonized at least once was 36% for S. pneumoniae, 26% for H. influenzae and 28% for M. catarrhalis. In contrast weekly sampling showed that 95 to 100% of the children were colonized at least once during the first year of life with H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae or M. catarrhalis. Nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis was low in the mothers, and very few mother-infant pairs carried identical bacteria at the same time. In contrast carrier rates were high in the siblings attending day care (H. influenzae 27.9%, S. pneumoniae 39.4%, both organisms 26.6%). Infants with siblings had significantly higher bacterial carriage at all ages than infants without siblings. CONCLUSIONS: Quarterly nasopharyngeal cultures showed that Costa Rican infants acquire their nasopharyngeal flora at a rate comparable with that for infants in developed countries and that siblings are an important source of the bacteria. Weekly samplings showed that virtually all children were colonized at least once during the first year of life. 相似文献
109.
The three-dimensional structure of glutathione S-transferase from Arabidopsis thaliana has been solved at 2.2 A resolution (Reinemer et al., 1996). The enzyme forms a dimer of two identical subunits. The structure shows a new G-site architecture and a novel and unique dimer interface. Each monomer of the protein forms a separate G-site. Therefore, the requirements on the dimer interface are reduced. As a consequence, the interactions between the monomers are weaker and residues at the dimer interface are more variable. Thus, the dimer interface looses its relevance for a classification of plant glutathione S-transferases and the formation of heterodimers becomes even more difficult to predict. 相似文献
110.
L Guarente 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,11(19):2449-2455