表面三维形貌测量及其评定的研究

对表面三维形貌测量技术展开了较为全面的研究,测量过程由相移,采样,相位提取及数据处理等部分组成．整个测量系统采用激光为干涉光源,CCD为图像传感器,压电陶瓷提供微小位移,通过图像采集卡将干涉条纹采集到计算机内存．文中采用上述理论对标准样块进行了测量,计算机得到表面三维形貌图,根据建立的基准面分离出粗糙度信息,并由给出的参数评定数学模型,编制出合理的软件,计算出零件表面的三维参数．最后给出实验结果和分析,并提出下一步研究工作的设想．     

Impact fracture behavior of clay-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

The micromechanism of plastic deformation during impact loading of polypropylene-clay nanocomposites is examined and compared with the unreinforced polypropylene under identical conditions of processing to underscore the determining role of clay. The addition of clay to polypropylene increases the impact strength in the temperature range of 0 to +70 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques provided an understanding of the micromechanism of plastic deformation in terms of the response of the polymer matrix, nucleating capability of the reinforcement, crystal structure, percentage crystallinity, lamellae thickness, and particle-matrix interface. The enhancement of toughness on reinforcement of polypropylene with nanoclay is associated with change in the primary mechanism of plastic deformation from crazing and vein-type in neat polypropylene to microvoid-coalescence-fibrillation process in the nanocomposite.     

仿土质专用肥的开发和应用前景

本文介绍了基于某些名、优农产品在其生长过程中所需要的特定敏感元素,配制出“仿土质”专用肥。经施用证明,肥效显著,经济效益可观,具有推广应用的前景。     

New liquid membrane technology for simultaneous extraction and stripping of copper(II) from wastewater

In this paper, a new liquid membrane technique, hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM), is presented, which is based on the surface renewal theory, and integrates the advantages of fiber membrane extraction, liquid film permeation and other liquid membrane processes. The results from the system of CuSO₄+D2EHPA in kerosene+HCl show that the HFRLM process is very stable. The liquid membrane is renewed constantly during the process, the direct contact of organic droplets and aqueous phase provides large mass transfer area. These effects can significantly reduce the mass transfer resistance in the lumen side. Then the mixture of feed phase and organic phase flowing through the lumen side gives a higher mass transfer rate than that of stripping phase and organic phase, because the aqueous layer diffusion of feed phase is the rate-controlling step. The overall mass transfer coefficient increases with increasing flow rates and D2EHPA concentration in the organic phase, and with decreasing initial copper concentration in the feed phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient also increases with increasing pH in the feed phase, and reaches a maximum value at pH of 4.44, then decreases. Also, there is a favorable w/o volume ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 for this process. Compared with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and hollow fiber membrane extraction processes, HFRLM process has a high mass transfer rate. Mathematical model for the HFRLM process based on the surface renewal theory is developed. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results under the conditions studied.     

Synthesis and structure of the n = 4 member of the framework aluminium alkylenediphosphonate series Al2[O3PCnH2nPO3](H2O)2F2

We report here the solvothermal synthesis and crystal structure of the hybrid inorganic-organic framework material Al₂[O₃PC₄H₈PO₃](H₂O)₂F₂⋅2H₂O (monoclinic, 1P2₁/m, a = 4.961(2) ?, b = 11.930(5) ?, c = 10.727(5) ?, β = 93.972(6)^∘, Z = 2, R(F, F² > 2σ) = 0.094, R_w(F², all data) = 0.262), the third member of the Al₂[O₃PC_nH_2nPO₃](H₂O)₂F₂ framework series. The structure is formed from corrugated chains of corner-sharing AlO₄F₂ octahedra in which alternating AlO₄F₂ octahedra contain two fluorine atoms in a trans or a cis configuration. The diphosphonate groups link the chains together through Al-O-P-O-Al bridges and through the butyl groups to form a three-dimensional framework structure containing a one-dimensional channel system consisting of one type of channel only. The channels contain four extra-framework water molecules per unit cell. The formation of this member of the series shows that the form of the alkyl chain can successfully define the number of channel types and the channel length in this hybrid framework system.     

导电涂料的研制

为了获得性能优良的导电涂料 ,采用对比试验和正交试验的方法对导电涂料进行了研究 ,分别对导电涂料的电阻、硬度、耐冲击强度、柔韧性等性能进行了测试 ,经过试验 ,确定了无机导电涂料的最佳配方为 :石墨 10 0g ,铅酸钡 10g ,三氧化二锑 5g ,二氧化钛 35g ,碳化硅 10g ,硅酸盐溶胶 170g。以此配方研制出了一种成本较低、生产工艺简单、具有良好的导电、导热性能的无机导电涂料。     

活化硅灰石粉新型填料的研制以及在PVC电缆料上的应用

本文介绍新型填料活化硅灰石粉的研制以及在ＰＶＣ电缆料上的应用，并建立了一种活化指数新概念来判断活化效果。经表面活化处理后的活性硅灰石粉吸水率降低、吸油率变小、粒径变细、活化指数〉９．０。由活性硅灰石粉在ＰＶＣ电缆料中的填充试验表明，在原配方基础上添加１０份活性硅灰石粉，电缆料性能良好，符合国家标准，成本降低。     

基于STM32的轨道方向不平顺检测系统设计

轨道不平顺是影响列车乘坐舒适性和平稳性的主要激励源,对轨道不平顺信号进行准确检测和有效的分析处理,以尽可能提高铁路维修效率,保障高速列车行车安全。为了准确检测轨道方向不平顺信号,基于惯性基准法原理,研制了以STM32F103 Cortex-M3 ARM处理器为控制核心的自动化检测系统。系统调理采集包括伺服加速度计、陀螺仪、倾角仪等多路传感器转换而来的模拟信号,然后传输到车载服务器中分析处理。检测结果以实时波形图的形式显示,能够准确有效地判断不平顺状态。     

潜艇舵机系统故障智能诊断技术研究

在潜艇舵机系统故障诊断问题的研究中,根据潜艇舵机系统的实际状况,分析其各组成部分发生故障的特点和原因建立故障树,采用层次分析法计算各故障原因的权重,形成相应的智能故障树.利用Access数据库建立故障诊断专家系统知识库,从智能故障树中提取一定的规则.系统采用宽度优先的正向推理和搜索策略的控制策略进行推理.针对传统故障诊断专家系统缺乏自学习能力的不足,采用BP神经网络算法进行修正.最后利用软件设计舵机系统故障诊断系统的开发平台和设计语言,可帮助维修人员更加方便快捷地对潜艇舵机系统的故障进行诊断和维修,降低了成本.     

长视距空战中可疑目标的快速识别模型仿真

研究长视距空战中可疑目标的快速识别问题,由于在长视距空战中,可疑目标与空中识别设备之间存在较长的距离,采集目标比较弱小,特征模糊.目标一旦过于接近,会形成堆积盲区,传统的识别方法在遇到远距离可疑目标时,由于距离太远,会出现目标堆积盲区,导致对目标分割出现错误,无法准确识别目标.为解决上述问题,提出采用主成分聚类算法的长视距空战中可疑目标的快速识别方法.针对可疑目标采集大量的计算机视觉图像,提取计算机视觉图像中可疑目标的特征,将上述特征作为可疑目标识别的依据.针对所有的可疑目标识别特征,进行可疑目标的快速识别,并对识别到的可疑目标进行累加运算,实现可疑目标的智能识别.实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行长视距空战中可疑目标的快速识别,能够极大的提高识别的准确性.