The Synergistic Taste Effect of Monosodium Glutamate and Disodium 5'-Inosinate

SUMMARY— The synergistic phenomenon between the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP) [7.5 H₂O] was studied and the relationship expressed as a mathematical model. The phenomenon could be measured quantitatively by fitting the proposed model to the results of the experiment.
The concentration of MSG equivalent to the taste intensity of that given by the mixture of MSG and the ribonucleotide is represented by the following equation:
y = u +γuv
where y is the equivalent taste intensity of the mixture in terms of g/dl of MSG, u is equal to g/dl of MSG in the given mixture, v is equal to g/dl of sodium 5'-inosinate in the given mixture, and γ is a constant.
The γ value for IMP was calculated from extensive sensory testing as 1.218 × 10⁸.     

Applications of the Long and Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction Method in Yeast Molecular Biology: Direct Sequencing of the Amplified DNA and Its Introduction into Yeast

A DNA fragment longer than 10 kb can be amplified by the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) method. We demonstrate here applications of this technique in molecular biological studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have shown that DNA fragments amplified by LA-PCR can be directly used as a template in the chain-termination sequencing protocol, making it possible to quickly identify the DNA insert of yeast genomic library clones. We have also shown that the amplified yeast DNA can easily be introduced into yeast by co-transformation with linearized vector DNA. Overlapping DNA between the amplified yeast fragment and the vector must be more than 20 bp long in order to obtain 90% or more correct recombinant plasmids. These results suggest that simple amplification of yeast clones by LA-PCR can replace the previous procedures of yeast clone recovery, consisting of transformation of Escherichia coli, propagation of plasmids in E. coli and preparation of plasmid DNA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Actual Congestion and Effect of Charger Addition in the Quick Charger Station: Case Study Based on the Records of Expressway

There were 18 electric vehicles, in average, per quick charger (QC), in Japan as of 2012, and this value may increase by a factor of several dozen by 2020. It is, therefore, necessary to model and analyze QC service, identify the causes of wait time, and provide countermeasures to avoid significant QC congestion and to encourage the spread of QC stations. This research analyzed usage data of a QC installed at an existing service area on expressway, and showed the characteristics of QC demand as distribution functions. QC service was modeled as a queuing problem, and simulations were carried out using derived distribution functions. The results showed that the QC station needs additional charger in the case of daily charging times over 10 times.     

A Hydrogen‐Storage Distributed Generation System Using Unitized Reversible Cells and Its Operational Scheme

Environmental issues such as global warming and depletion of natural energy resources are posing problems. Photovoltaic systems have been attracting attention as a form of renewable energy. The output power of a photovoltaic system changes sharply because solar radiation intensity and temperature vary with the weather. In conventional photovoltaic systems, the surplus power, excluding the power consumed in the load, flows back to the grid. Therefore, fluctuations in the output power of a photovoltaic system may have an adverse effect on the grid. This paper proposes a novel hydrogen‐storage distributed generation system using a unitized reversible cell that integrates a fuel cell and water electrolyzer to smooth reverse power flow. The hydrogen‐storage distributed generation system was modeled and a computer simulation was performed. Using two evaluation methods, the proposed system is shown to be effective at leveling power flow back to the grid.     

PHASE AND MORPHOLOGY OF PbNb2O6 OBTAINED BY MOLTEN SALT SYNTHESIS

ABSTRACT

The morphologic development of lead metanlobate powder particles in KC1 is examined with special emphases on the heating- conditions and starting compositions. Potassium ions are substituted in the Pb-x K_2xNb₂0₆(PKN) With the Sthorhoobic modifications.The.morophology of particles changed during PKN formation and particle growth. During the formation process of PKN, equiaxed and rod-shaped particles were obtained both above and below the melting temperature of KC1. The rod-shaped particles have a columnar structure but decrease in number with Increasing potassium content in the starting mixtures. During the growth process, equiaxed particles grew to simple rod-shaped particles without a columnar structure. Potassium in the starting oxide was found to promote the formation of simple rod-shaped particles. PKN powder composed of only simple rod-shaped particles is obtainable.     

Nature of Stem Bromelain Treatments on the Aggregation and Gelation of Soybean Proteins

Aggregation and gelation of heated soybean proteins treated with stem bromelain were investigated by determination of sulfhydryl and hydrophobicity, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by scanning electron microscopy. The heat-induced, water-soluble soybean protein aggregates were initially unfolded by treatment with stem bromelain and released 7S and 4S proteins. The 2S protein was completely decomposed. The enzyme attacked the basic subunits of 11S globulin and converted them to low molecular weight fragments. Aggregation and gelation developed with icnrease of fragments. Noncovalent forces, possibly through hydrophobic interaction, played an important role in the aggregation process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fine network structure which suggested the combination of low molecular weight fragments.     

Behavior of Pores in the Sintering of Acicular Fe2O3 Powder

The sintering of acicular Fe₂O₃ powder was studied by isothermal dilatometry, hysteresis Hg porosimetry, and SEM of powder compacts using a resin-impregnating technique, and compared with an ordinary equiaxed powder. It is shown that the pores in the acicular powder compacts remain connected until a later stage of sintering than those in the spherical powder, and that the observed rapid initial densification, along with preferential shrinkage in the parallel-to-pressing direction, can be interpreted in terms of particle rearrangement.     

Kinetic Studies on the Precipitation of Hematite from Iron-Rich Spinel Solid Solutions

The kinetics of hematite precipitation from iron-rich spinel solid solutions has been studied with special emphasis on the effect of divalent cations and iron-oxide concentration. The precipitation kinetics is expressed by the Avrami equation α= 1 – exp [– k ( t –t ₀) ⁿ ] with n = 1, where α, k , and t are fractional precipitation, proportionality constant, and time, respectively. The process is characterized by an activation energy of 30·0.5 kcal/mol, independent of iron-oxide concentration. Stabilization of spinel solid solutions by the cation is most pronounced for Ni followed by Mg and Zn in the order stated, and the effect of the cation is interpreted in terms of the cation distribution in the spinel lattice.     

极性溶剂在高分子膜内溶解扩散行为预测

使用^1H核磁共报分析方法，证明聚丙烯酸酯的三氯甲烷溶液中氢键的存在，并研究了三氯甲烷在聚丙烯酸酯中的溶解扩散行为．由于氢键存在加强分子间相互作用，使得溶解性增强，扩散性减小．使用LFHB-EOS模型计算溶解性，自由体积理论推算扩散系数，同时考虑耐溶剂基膜的抑制溶胀效果，建立数学模型计算渗透通量．对高分子溶液相平衡计算而言，当高分子的分子量大于一定值以后，溶剂的溶解性与分子量无关．三氯甲烷在充填型复合膜中的渗透通量计算结果和蒸汽渗透实验测定基本一致，表明以化工热力学的物性推算为基础进行有机溶剂分离膜设计研究在合有氢键作用的极性溶剂体系取得成功。