APPLICATION OF ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS FOR PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESSES

The effects of sulfur compound PTMP and metal naphthenates on the conversion of the atmospheric residue to light oil and on the coke formation were investigated by carrying out thermal decomposition in a tubular type reactor. When 100μg/g of PTMP was added to residue, gas oil yield increased, but the effect was not significant. However, the coke deposition in the reactor was reduced by the addition of PTMP, When 100μg/g of ferric naphthenate was added, the significant effect was observed on the gas oil increase. However, the coke deposition was enhanced with the increase of gas oil yield by the addition of ferric naphthenate. Both of the increase in gas oil yield and the reduction of coke formation were observed when PTMP (1000μg/g) and ferric naphthenate (100μg/g) were simultaneously used. By the addition of the organic sulfur compound, the formation of the coke produced by the recombination of hydrocarbon redicals yielded by thermal decomposition was suppressed. The advantage of this method is that the construction of new equipment is not required and it enables the increase in the light oil fraction of residual oil by using the existing units.     

具有O／W／O型多重乳化体系之高效防晒品

近年来,由紫外线(UV)引起的肌肤伤害已逐渐被广泛认知,防晒产品的使用也因此逐渐增加.为了防御人体肌肤受到伤害,开发了一系列高效防护UVA/UVB的防晒产品,既便在高温高湿环境下使用,肤感依然良好.为达成对UVA/UVB的高效防护并兼具有舒适的肤感,有必要将作为紫外线吸收剂的无机颗粒均一分散在产品中.因此,开发出一个油包水包油(O/W/O)型多重乳化体系.在该体系内,疏水性无机微颗粒被分散于内层油相和外层油相中.涂抹于肌肤时,观察到微孔(未被无机颗粒覆盖的区域)于皮肤上的数量明显少于大多数使用W/O型乳化体系之防晒产品.这个O/W/O型多重乳化体系,不需在紫外线吸收剂中增加无机颗粒的含量,紫外线(UV)的防护效果就能增强;因此,能被用来制备兼具高效紫外线防护与良好肤感的防晒产品.描述的O/W/O型多重乳化体系,微孔少,可提供优越的UVA/UVB防护,防御人体肌肤受到伤害.     

Plastic deformation behavior of Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloys

The mechanical properties of the Mg97ZnlY2 extruded alloy containing the long-period stacking ordered phase, the so-called LPSO-phase, with a volume fraction of 24%-25%, were examined by compression tests and cyclic tension-compression deformation tests. The plastic behavior of the extruded alloys with compositions of Mg99.2Zn0.2Y0.6 and Mg89Zn4Y7 （molar fraction, %）, which were almost the same compositions of Mg matrix phase and LPSO phase in Mg97Zn1Y2 Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy, respectively, were also prepared. By comparing their mechanical properties, the strengthening mechanisms operating in the Mg97Zn1 Y2 extruded alloy were discussed. Existence of the LPSO-phase strongly enhanced the refinement of Mg matrix grain size during extrusion, which led to a large increment of the strength of alloy. In addition, the LPSO-phases, which were aligned along the extrusion direction in Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy, acted as hardening phases, just like reinforced fibers.     

Dust Charging and Dynamics in Tokamaks

Fundamental characteristics of charging of a dust particle and its dynamics in SOL/divertor plasma in tokamaks are studied. According to the OML (orbit motion limited) theory, the charging process is extremely faster, with a charging time of nanoseconds, than the dynamics process of the dust particle in SOL/divertor plasma, with a characteristic time of milliseconds, which means that the local charge state can be taken as the equilibrium charge state. It was clarified that the equilibrium charge Zd,eq can be determined in the form of Zd,eq / Rd Te, which is a function of both the normalized relative speed of plasma ion flow with respect to the velocity of the dust particle and the plasma temperature ratio. After the investigation of dominant forces acting on dust particles, the friction forces due to the plasma ion absorption and ion Coulomb scattering are found of the same order for the case of low relative speed. The critical radius of a dust particle, for which the gravity is larger than the friction forces due to plasma ions, is obtained.     

ESTIMATION OF DAILY INTAKE OF CHLOROFORM BY JAPANESE HOUSEWIVES

Duplicate portions of daily meals consumed by 21 housewives were collected for 3 consecutive days at Nagoya-city and Asuke-cho in Japan. The 24 h duplicate meals were analyzed for chloroform. Thirty grams of samples, 170 mL of water, 1 mL of phosphoric acid, and 0.5 g of ascorbic acid were mixed in a distillation flask which was heated under nitrogen gas flow. The purged chloroform was trapped in n-pentane cooled at 0° C. The pentane solution was analyzed to by electron capture gas chromatography. Confirmation of chloroform was carried out by GC-MS.
The concentration of chloroform in each of the 24-h duplicate meals were in the range of 1.7 to 45.8 ppb and the average concentration was 13.7± 9.6 ppb.
Daily dietary intake of chloroform by housewives were in the range of 7.5 to 51.9 μg and the mean intake was 26.4 ± 11.8 μg.     

光合细菌产氢研究(三)——用固定化光合细菌产氢

Rhodopsudomonas NA 08609固定在琼脂中,当固定化琼脂浓度为1.5～2.0%,初始菌体密度为3.0mg蛋白质/g凝胶时对产氢是适宜的。产氢培养基“gB”不需抽真空,在30℃时固定化细胞的产氢速度比悬浮液快,效率比悬浮液高,但是在40℃时则相反。Rhodopsudomonas NA 08609固定在琼脂,角叉菜聚糖胶、海藻酸钙中,角叉菜聚糖胶固定化生长细胞比琼脂固定化生长细胞及海藻酸固定化细胞凝胶株的产氢效率高,(71.8%)但是海藻酸钙固定化细胞凝胶株在产氢速度方面较高。(285ul/cm~2/h)