Localizable imaging study for the noninvasive diagnosis of lesions with the backscattering polarized light

The asymmetry appearing in the degree of polarization (DOP) distribution of the backscattering polarized light from tissues is investigated by using polarized Monte Carlo simulation. When the incident point is close to the boundary of the lesion inside the tissue, high asymmetry emerges regardless of the polarized direction of the incident light. A noninvasive method based upon the DOP asymmetry of the backscattering light is proposed to locate lesions hidden in live tissues by scanning a point light source. Imaging of the front projection on complicated lesion structures is demonstrated with this method. Its transverse resolution, which is affected by the wavelength of incident light and the size of the scattering particle, can reach the diameter of the lesion scattering particle theoretically while the best longitudinal detection depth can be achieved by choosing a suitable incident wavelength according to the scattering characters of the tissue.     

304不锈钢氩弧焊焊剂的研究

研制了一种用于奥氏体不锈钢焊接的氩弧焊焊剂 ,并对该焊剂进行了不锈钢对接板的焊接工艺试验。试验结果表明 ,采用氩弧焊焊剂可以大幅增加熔深 ,能够一次焊透 8mm厚 30 4不锈钢对接板 ,所获得的焊接接头具有良好的力学性能及耐晶间腐蚀性能     

PVP对溶剂热合成FeS2(Pyrite)的形貌控制研究

采用溶剂热合成技术,以FeSO4和(NH2)2CS为反应前驱物,在聚乙烯吡略烷酮(PVP)作表面活性剂的醇-水体系中获得了晶粒完整的FeS2(Pyrite)粉体.借助X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对合成样品的晶相组成、分散性、形貌进行了分析与表征,结果表明,以PVP为表面活性剂可以显著提高产物的分散性,适当调节PVP的用量可以有效调控FeS2晶体的大小与形貌.     

复杂包装耦合界面动态性预测的改进逆子结构理论

以产品、包装、运载体组成的产品运输系统为研究对象,在动态逆子结构理论基础上建立适合这一系统特性的改进理论,研究包装界面动力学特性的反向建模技术并实验验证。结果表明：新方法能有效预测复杂包装耦合界面动力学特性。研究结论为产品运输包装设计提供新的理论基础。     

Conductometric chemical sensor based on individual CuO nanowires

CuO nanowires with high crystalline quality are synthesized via a simple thermal oxidation method. Charge conduction on individual nanowires under a transverse electric field exhibits an intrinsic p-type semiconducting behavior. Variations in signal transducer in different chemical gas environments are measured on individual CuO nanowire field effect transistors. They demonstrate good performance to both NO(2) and ethanol gasses. In particular, the nanowire chemical sensor reveals a reverse response to ethanol vapor under temperature variation. Experimental results and first-principles calculations indicate that ethanol is oxidized in air at high temperature, resulting in the production of CO(2) and H(2)O. The strong H(2)O adsorption leads to the reversal behavior, due to the electron transfer from H(2)O molecules to the CuO surface.     

High‐Entropy Alloy (HEA)‐Coated Nanolattice Structures and Their Mechanical Properties

Nanolattice structure fabricated by two‐photon lithography (TPL) is a coupling of size‐dependent mechanical properties at micro/nano‐scale with structural geometry responses in wide applications of scalable micro/nano‐manufacturing. In this work, three‐dimensional (3D) polymeric nanolattices are initially fabricated using TPL, then conformably coated with an 80 nm thick high‐entropy alloy (HEA) thin film (CoCrFeNiAl_0.3) via physical vapor deposition (PVD). 3D atomic‐probe tomography (APT) reveals the homogeneous element distribution in the synthesized HEA film deposited on the substrate. Mechanical properties of the obtained composite architectures are investigated via in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) compression test, as well as finite element method (FEM) at the relevant length scales. The presented HEA‐coated nanolattice encouragingly not only exhibits superior compressive specific strength of ≈0.032 MPa kg^?1 m³ with density well below 1000 kg m^?3, but also shows good compression ductility due to its composite nature. This concept of combining HEA with polymer lattice structures demonstrates the potential of fabricating novel architected metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties.

     

建材检测实验室中的测量不确定度评定

现阶段,人们对测量质量的要求不断提高,测量不确定度因其在很大程度上反应了测量质量的好坏,而受到了众多研究者和实验室工作人员的高度重视。建材检测实验室的日常工作中涉及的实验检测项目繁多,不仅每个项目检测的对象不同,同一检测对象也有不同的检测方法。许多项目的检测程序是相对复杂的,测量过程影响因素众多且不易分析。建材检测实验室的这些特点均增加了实验室工作人员进行测量不确定度评定的困难。本文针对建材检测试验室工作的特点,结合相关实例分别从不确定度来源的分析、数学模型的建立以及相关性的处理三个方面对测量结果的不确定度评定进行了阐述。     

计量型激光椭偏仪初始入射角校准方法的研究

为保证计量型激光椭偏仪测量结果的准确性,研究了一种初始入射角校准方法,通过线性位移台带动CCD相机进行一维运动,其运动轴作为空间线性辅助参考量,实现了椭偏仪的入射激光光轴与自准直仪光轴的90°校准。结果表明:采用该方法校准计量型激光椭偏仪的初始入射角,光轴俯仰角偏差＜0.05°,偏摆角偏差＜0.09°;校准后,对标称值为102.10nm的Si上SiO₂膜厚标准片进行测量,示值误差＜0.4nm,提升了计量型激光椭偏仪测量校准服务的准确性。     

基于有限单元法对动态应力强度因子进行数值计算的研究*

运用ANSYS 商用有限元软件,采用非奇异单元和Newmark 积分算法,通过最小二乘法拟合,准确的获得了多个模型动态应力强度因子的解。所使用的方法适用范围广,这对于运用线弹性断裂动力学解决工程中的实际问题是有益的和必要的。     

Sphingolipids at Plasmodesmata: Structural Components and Functional Modulators

Plasmodesmata (PD) are plant-specific channels connecting adjacent cells to mediate intercellular communication of molecules essential for plant development and defense. The typical PD are organized by the close apposition of the plasma membrane (PM), the desmotubule derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and spoke-like elements linking the two membranes. The plasmodesmal PM (PD-PM) is characterized by the formation of unique microdomains enriched with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, identified by lipidomics and proteomics. These components modulate PD to adapt to the dynamic changes of developmental processes and environmental stimuli. In this review, we focus on highlighting the functions of sphingolipid species in plasmodesmata, including membrane microdomain organization, architecture transformation, callose deposition and permeability control, and signaling regulation. We also briefly discuss the difference between sphingolipids and sterols, and we propose potential unresolved questions that are of help for further understanding the correspondence between plasmodesmal structure and function.