Impact of Ethylene Oxide Butylene Oxide Copolymers on the Composition and Friction of Silicone Hydrogel Surfaces

The surface chemical compositions of three types of silicone hydrogel contact lenses, PureVision^® (balafilcon A), ACUVUE^® OASYS^® (senofilcon A), and O₂OPTIX^® (lotrafilcon B), were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to and following treatment in a test solution of diblock copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene oxide) (EO–BO). Prior to treatment, differences in surface elemental compositions of the lenses were found to reflect known bulk compositions and/or respective surface treatments. Following solution treatment, surface chemical modifications were apparent in balafilcon A and lotrafilcon B, especially in the distribution of chemical functionalities present at the surface. Only modest changes in surface composition were observed for the senofilcon A material. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to evaluate the surface topography and frictional properties of the lenses prior to and following similar solution treatments. AFM measurements in saline revealed large disparities between the coefficients of friction of the three lenses, with balafilcon A and lotrafilcon B exhibiting coefficients of friction approximately five times greater than that of senofilcon A. Lens surface treatment with the diblock copolymer test solution produced a significant reduction in the coefficients of friction of the two lenses exhibiting higher friction, yet only a small reduction in friction was observed for senofilcon A lens. Together, these results depict a strong correlation between the surface chemistry and frictional response of the lens systems as they relate to solution treatment with this specific diblock copolymer.     

立井联合法施工导孔堵孔问题的处理与实践

针对西山矿区安家沟进风井采用立井联合法施工时导孔堵塞问题,分析了导孔堵塞的主要原因,提出了解决方案,并进行实践,取得了良好的技术经济效益.     

疲劳试验机控制器研究

在动态试验技术迅速发展的今天,提出了PC机作为系统控制器的方案。针对系统特点提出的实用控制算法,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

Automatic monitoring system for individual dairy cows based on a deep learning framework that provides identification via body parts and estimation of body condition score

Body condition score (BCS) is a common tool for indirectly estimating the mobilization of energy reserves in the fat and muscle of cattle that meets the requirements of animal welfare and precision livestock farming for the effective monitoring of individual animals. However, previous studies on automatic BCS systems have used manual scoring for data collection, and traditional image extraction methods have limited model performance accuracy. In addition, the radio frequency identification device system commonly used in ranching has the disadvantages of misreadings and damage to bovine bodies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and validate an automatic system for identifying individuals and assessing BCS using a deep learning framework. This work developed a linear regression model of BCS using ultrasound backfat thickness to determine BCS for training sets and tested a system based on convolutional neural networks with 3 channels, including depth, gray, and phase congruency, to analyze the back images of 686 cows. After we performed an analysis of image model performance, online verification was used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the system. The results showed that the selected linear regression model had a high coefficient of determination value (0.976), and the correlation coefficient between manual BCS and ultrasonic BCS was 0.94. Although the overall accuracy of the BCS estimations was high (0.45, 0.77, and 0.98 within 0, 0.25, and 0.5 unit, respectively), the validation for actual BCS ranging from 3.25 to 3.5 was weak (the F1 scores were only 0.6 and 0.57, respectively, within the 0.25-unit range). Overall, individual identification and BCS assessment performed well in the online measurement, with accuracies of 0.937 and 0.409, respectively. A system for individual identification and BCS assessment was developed, and a convolutional neural network using depth, gray, and phase congruency channels to interpret image features exhibited advantages for monitoring thin cows.     

Photonic Metamaterial Absorbers: Morphology Engineering and Interdisciplinary Applications

Recent advances in nanofabrication technologies have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of photonic metamaterials that provide efficient ways of manipulating light–matter interaction at subwavelength scales. As one of the most important applications, photonic metamaterials can be used to implement novel optical absorbers. First the morphology engineering of various photonic metamaterial absorbers is discussed, which is highly associated with impendence matching conditions and resonance modes of the absorbers, thus directly determines their absorption efficiency, operational bandwidth, incident angle, and polarization dependence. Then, the recent achievements of various interdisciplinary applications based on photonic metamaterial absorbers, including structural color generation, ultrasensitive optical sensing, solar steam generation, and highly responsive photodetection, are reviewed. This report is expected to provide an overview and vision for the future development of photonic metamaterial absorbers and their applications in novel nanophotonic systems.     

Analysis of photonic crystals using the hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference time domain technique based on the discontinuous Galerkin method

Two‐dimensional photonic crystal structures are analyzed by a recently developed hybrid technique combining the finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) method and the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. This hybrid FETD/FDTD method uses the discontinuous Galerkin method as framework for domain decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hybrid FETD/FDTD method that allows non‐conformal meshes between different FETD and FDTD subdomains. It is also highly parallelizable. These properties are very suitable for the computation of periodic structures with curved surfaces. Numerical examples for the computation of the scattering parameters of two‐dimensional photonic bandgap structures are presented as applications of the hybrid FETD/FDTD method. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed hybrid method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重轨热锯机变速技术应用

介绍了鞍钢股份有限公司大型厂热锯机为满足产品多样化需要,实现热锯机变速功能的软硬件配置情况,着重介绍了各种变速方案具体设计思想及优缺点以及最终实施的方案。通过介绍PLC内程序的编写和SIEMENS数控器的设置,详细阐述了变速技术的实现原理。     

Impact of various maceration techniques on the phenolic and volatile composition of Chenin Blanc wines

Chenin Blanc, cultivated in cool climate regions, was chosen to evaluate the impact of different maceration techniques on polyphenolic profiles and volatile compounds. Control with no skin contact (CK), cold maceration (CM), cryogenic maceration (CR), separate fermentation before blending (SFB) and extended skin contact during fermentation (ESF) were the five maceration techniques being studied. SFB and ESF techniques resulted in significantly increased polyphenolic compounds compared to the control (P < 0.05), while CM and CR maceration techniques resulted in almost no effect. Meanwhile, for aromatic components, the maximum change was observed in ESF wine, which had significantly highest levels of terpenes, alcohols, esters and acids. However, compared with control wine, CR wine had higher levels of terpenes and esters and SFB wine had higher levels of terpenes and alcohols. This study provides information about prefermentation techniques and additional options for oenologists to produce Chenin Blanc wines with different characteristics.     

Evolution and recovery of original total organic carbon for carbonate source rocks with different total organic carbon in the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,China

Source rocks generate and expel hydrocarbon with thermal evolution, which lead to a decrease of total organic carbon (TOC) content. A new quantitative model for original total organic carbon (TOC_o) content evolution and recovery was proposed, and then was used to the carbonate source rocks with different TOCs (CSRDTOC) in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, China. Studies showed that the higher the TOC of source rocks, the bigger the range of TOC reduction and recovery coefficient. When vitrinite reflectance (VR) is equal to 2.5%, recovery coefficients of TOC_o = 0.2%, 0.4%, and 1.0% are 1.43, 1.66, and 2.01, respectively. It must restore TOC_o when we evaluate source rocks at the stage of high overmaturity and predict oil and gas resources.