Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

一种改进的气动弹性时域推进方法

针对气动弹性控制方程,结构项采用标准龙格库塔方法推进,广义气动力项采用时间上的插值技术,发展了一种在每一时间步内只用计算一次非定常气动力的近似四阶龙格库塔推进方法。通过计算非线性Bernoulli方程和某一超音速翼面的气动弹性响应,证明该方法的时间准确度远高于采用气动力冻结技术的四阶龙格库塔方法。其准确度与标准龙格库塔方法相差不大,而其调用非定常气动力求解器的次数仅为其四分之一,大大提高了气动弹性数值模拟的效率。对于一般的气动弹性响应而言,该时间推进方法只用保证每个周期内的时间步在20～30个左右就能满足较高的准确度要求。     

Molecular and Physiological Responses of Citrus sinensis Leaves to Long-Term Low pH Revealed by RNA-Seq Integrated with Targeted Metabolomics

Low pH-induced alterations in gene expression profiles and organic acids (OA) and free amino acid (FAA) abundances were investigated in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan] leaves. We identified 503 downregulated and 349 upregulated genes in low pH-treated leaves. Further analysis indicated that low pH impaired light reaction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, thereby lowering photosynthesis in leaves. Low pH reduced carbon and carbohydrate metabolisms, OA biosynthesis and ATP production in leaves. Low pH downregulated the biosynthesis of nitrogen compounds, proteins, and FAAs in leaves, which might be conducive to maintaining energy homeostasis during ATP deprivation. Low pH-treated leaves displayed some adaptive responses to phosphate starvation, including phosphate recycling, lipid remodeling, and phosphate transport, thus enhancing leaf acid-tolerance. Low pH upregulated the expression of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (peroxidase and superoxidase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (L-tryptophan, L-proline, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, and pyroglutamic acid), but it impaired the pentose phosphate pathway and V_E and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of some ROS and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase, aldo-keto reductase, and 2-alkenal reductase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (pyridoxine and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus disturbing the balance between production and detoxification of ROS and aldehydes and causing oxidative damage to leaves.     

乌龙茶新品种乌棪的营养成分及感官分析

对乌龙茶新品种乌棪及其嫁接母本大叶乌、黄金桂进行营养成分分析,并对其感官指示及品质指标进行比较,得出初步结论,乌棪的常规营养组成成分与大叶乌、黄金桂无明显差异,滋味及香气较大叶乌为佳,与黄金桂较为接近,同时又有其独特之处,具有较高的推广价值。     

H.264/AVC编解码器在TMS320C6400上的优化实现

分析了基于TMS320C6400平台的H.264/AVC编码器运算量在各个部分的分布,并且将其中运算量较大的部分进行线性汇编,分析了这些部分在进行线性汇编时需要注意的技术细节,能够提高线性汇编的并行程度.     

电能计量领域的多功能低功耗设计

电力用户是我国电工仪器仪表最大的用户群体,需求量占整个市场的90%。电能表是我国电工仪表行业中产量最大的产品。本文讨论了电能表的低功耗设计需求以及Maxim 提供的 MAXQ3180低功耗电表设计方案。     

Network Traffic Clustering with QoS-Awareness

Network traffic classification is essential in supporting network measurement and management.Many existing traffic classification approaches provide application-level results regardless of the network quality of service(QoS) requirements. In practice,traffic flows from the same application may have irregular network behaviors that should be identified to various QoS classes for best network resource management. To address the issues, we propose to conduct traffic classification with two newly de...     

Melanocortin-5 Receptor: Pharmacology and Its Regulation of Energy Metabolism

As the most recent melanocortin receptor (MCR) identified, melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) has unique tissue expression patterns, pharmacological properties, and physiological functions. Different from the other four MCR subtypes, MC5R is widely distributed in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and is associated with multiple functions. MC5R in sebaceous and preputial glands regulates lipid production and sexual behavior, respectively. MC5R expressed in immune cells is involved in immunomodulation. Among the five MCRs, MC5R is the predominant subtype expressed in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue, tissues critical for energy metabolism. Activated MC5R triggers lipid mobilization in adipocytes and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Therefore, MC5R is a potential target for treating patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus. Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory proteins can modulate the cell surface expression, dimerization, and pharmacology of MC5R. This minireview summarizes the molecular and pharmacological properties of MC5R and highlights the progress made on MC5R in energy metabolism. We poInt. out knowledge gaps that need to be explored in the future.