Experimental study of improved two step synthesis for DME production

Dimethyl ether (DME) has received growing attention due to its potential use as a multi-purpose fuel. A new technical route of improved two step synthesis is proposed for DME production, which is composed of methanol synthesis and methanol dehydration in a fixed-bed reactor. The influences of the operating conditions including reaction pressure, temperature, H₂/CO mole ratio in the syngas and space velocity on CO conversion, selectivity and yield of DME are investigated. CO conversion and DME yield both increase monotonically with the pressure increase. The optimal reaction temperatures for the synthesis and dehydration of methanol are different. CO conversion increases at first and keeps constant when the H₂/CO mole ratio is above 2. DME yield increases obviously and then decreases gradually with the space velocity increase. The optimal conditions are obtained to maximize the CO conversion and DME selectivity. The reaction temperatures of the top and bottom stage are in the range of 270-280 °C and 235-245 °C, respectively. The optimal ratio of H₂/CO is above 2, and the space velocity is in the range of 1000-1300 h^− 1.     

Microstructure and shear strength of ZrB2SiC/Ti6Al4V joint by TiCuZrNi with Cu foam

In this paper, brazing behaviors between ZrB₂SiC and Ti6Al4V by Cu foam interlayer were studied. The microstructure, formation mechanism, mechanical property and fracture surface of the joints were systematically studied. The results showed that the phases in the joints were α+β-Ti, TiCu, Ti₂Cu, Cu(s, s), TiC, TiB₂ and Ti₃SiC₂. An optimum shear strength reached up to 435??MPa?at a brazing temperature of 910?°C and holding time of 20?min. Such a shear strength was 90?MPa higher than the one without the Cu foam. The obtained high shear strength of joint was discussed from microstructure and residual stress. With the increase of brazing time, Cu(s,s) gradually disappeared and the content of Ti₂Cu intermetallic compound increased, which was harmful for the joint. Furthermore, the residual stress of joint with Cu foam was calculated to be 324?MPa, lower than the one without Cu foam interlayer.     

铜铁试剂—示波计时电位法测天然水/饮用水中的铝含量

铜铁试剂(CUP)—示波计时电位法直接测定天然水和饮用水中的铝含量。在0.5 mol/L(NH_4)_2SO_4-NH_3·H_2O(pH值=5.4)缓冲溶液中,加入铝后,铝—CUP配合物切口电位为-1.20V,切口深度在7.2×10~(-7)～3.2×10~(-5)mol/LAl范围内有线性关系,检测下限为5.8×10~(-7)mol/L。在2.0×10~(-5)mol/L时相对标准偏差为5.1(n=10)。应用该法测定了天然水和饮用水中铝含量,并同ICP/AES所获结果进行了对照。结果基本一致。     

碳纳米管在氟碳树脂中的分散及其对光学性能的影响

采用球磨分散工艺制备了碳纳米管乙酸丁酯分散液,研究了分散剂的用量及分散时间对碳纳米管分散效果的影响.向上述分散液巾加入氟碳树脂制备成涂料,用扫描电子显微镜观察了碳纳米管在氟碳树脂中的分散状态,考察了分散状态对涂层热性能及光学性能的影响.     

Multi-objective optimization of cassava-based fuel ethanol used as an alternative automotive fuel in Guangxi,China

Multi-objective optimization of net energy, external costs of environment pollutant-emissions, and cost of using cassava-based fuel ethanol as an alternative automotive fuel in Guangxi has been conducted based on its holistic life cycle, from feedstock production to fuel combustion. A new indicator, cost of net energy (CNE), linking net energy-yield, external cost of environment pollutant-emissions, and production cost (the lower the CNE reading, the better the total performance) of ethanol–gasoline blends, is proposed for carrying out multi-objective optimization. On the life-cycle basis, CNE of ethanol–gasoline blends is found to obtain its lowest value, i.e. 0.119  RMB/MJ, when processing fuel during the ethanol conversion stage was natural gas and the ratio of ethanol blended with gasoline was 5%. From the standpoint of the CNE indicator, the most viable implement form of cassava-based fuel ethanol should be used as one of oxygenate additives. The recommended processing fuel during ethanol conversion stage should be natural gas.     

基于激光加热技术的活塞热负荷试验方法研究

通过对发动机活塞实际工作温度场分布规律与冷却特点的分析,提出了以激光作为热源,应用能量分配与光学转换技术模拟再现活塞温度场分布及热负荷作用的试验方法.研究结果表明该方法对活塞顶部不同区域温度可控,瞬态温度模拟真实,损伤监测到位,试验效率高.为今后开展活塞热损伤,热疲劳机理研究及提高活塞热负荷评估试验的置信度奠定了基础.     

Microstructure tailoring of YSZ/Ni-YSZ dual-layer hollow fibers for micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell application

YSZ/NiO-YSZ dual-layer hollow fibers with a thin YSZ top layer integrated on a porous NiO-YSZ (60:40 in weight) support, have been developed by one step method via a co-spinning-sintering process. Hydrogen reduction was performed to form YSZ/Ni-YSZ micro tube as the half solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The microstructure of the dual-layer hollow fibers was tailored by adding ethanol as non-solvent in the initial mixture dopes for NiO-YSZ anode spinning. LSM cathode containing 20 wt%-YSZ was deposited on the electrolyte surface by dip-coating method to fabricate micro-tubular SOFCs. Experimental results indicate that the dual-layer hollow fibers from the anode dopes containing 15–20 wt% of ethanol possess the desired microstructure with optimized properties, such as the bending strength of 180 MPa, the porosity of 38–35% and the conductivity of 3000 S cm⁻¹ at room temperature. The micro-tubular SOFCs fabricated from such hollow fibers show a maximum power density up to 485 mW cm⁻² at 850 °C with 20 mL min⁻¹ of H₂ as fuel and 30 mL min⁻¹ air as oxidant, respectively.     

东方超超临界二次再热660MW汽轮机热力设计特点

二次中间再热机组相对一次再热机组经济性提高约1．5％．文章详细论述了东方660MW二次再热超超临界汽轮机的热力设计特点,对促进我国火力发电技术进步和节能减排具有现实意义,为我国大容量燃煤机组发展提供了示范,为更高参数700℃等级燃煤电站的实现具有示范和技术储备的作用。     

超环面-CPC组合系统的太阳能聚集特性分析

结合光学软件比较分析了碟式抛物镜、菲涅尔反射镜、超环面聚光镜的聚集辐射性能,重点考察光线入射角度对光斑均匀性、聚光比等性能的影响。优化设计获得一种在聚光比、光斑均匀性、公差容忍度等性能方面都较优异的超环面-CPC组合系统,为太阳能聚集设备的创新设计提供了新思路。