Structural and mechanical properties and effective permeability of fissured materials

The article investigates the dependences of porosity and of the permeability tensor of an elastic fissured medium on the characteristics of its state of stress and the pressure of the permeating liquid.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 818–826, November, 1985.     

Possibilities and problems with the use of models as a communication tool in water resource management

Politicians and policy-makers, as well as modellers, often nurses an expectation that model derived results is an objective source of information that can be used to support decisions. However, several prerequisites have to be dealt with in order to ensure that models can be used as legitimate and efficient tools in water resource management. Based on empirical material from recent studies on the use of models in stakeholder dialogues, mainly focusing on catchment nutrient transport, two central problems are identified: (a) Models are laden with choices and thus depend on assumptions and priorities of modellers. (b) There are several factors that influence ability and willingness of stakeholders (as information recovers) to criticize or accept results of the modelling exercise. Recognized factors likely to influence stakeholders' acceptance of model derived results include issues at stake, stakeholders' ability to criticize model derived information, and their trust in the institutions that have developed or applied the used models. Identified prerequisites for successful use of models in integrated water resource management include: consideration of user relevance, awareness of and preparedness to handle constraints linked to communication of model-based results, transparency of used models and data and of involved uncertainties, mutual respect between experts and stakeholders and between involved stakeholder groups, a robust institutional network, and sufficient time for dialogues. Development and use of strategies for participatory modelling, based on a continuous dialogue between experts and stakeholders is recommended as a way to facilitate that the prerequisites for a successful use of models in water resource management are fulfilled.     

Heat transfer in fluidized beds

We propose a simplified model of external heat transfer in a fluidized bed. We compare calculated and experimental data, and recommend a computational procedure in polydisperse beds.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 621–626, October, 1985.     

State observability and condition observability for a class of interacting discrete event systems

This paper introduces the concepts of state observability and condition observability for condition systems, a class of systems composed of discrete state components which interact via discrete binary signals called conditions. Given a set of externally observed conditions, state observability implies that the state of the system can be determined from the observations, and condition observability implies that all unobserved input and output conditions of the system can be determined from the observations. In this paper, we present a class of systems which is state observable and condition observable. We present a method to synthesize an observer system to provide state and condition signal estimates for a single component subsystem.     

干燥器和调温调湿器的余热循环利用

阐述了大庆炼化公司腈纶厂的调温调湿器和干燥器排气的工艺流程改进。2套干燥器的流程改造稍有不同,调温调湿器2个排放总管所接管线返到各自排放的区,干燥器2个排放总管所接管线只返到1区;设备流程改造1a后,产生明显的经济效益,减少了环境污染。