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841.
A multilayer coating is a useful addition to a mirror in the x-ray region and has been applied to normal incidence mirrors used with soft x rays. When a multilayer coating is used on grazing incidence optics, higher performance can be achieved than without it. Cr/Sc multilayers coated on a Wolter type I mirror substrate for a soft x-ray microscope are considered. The reflectivity and effective solid angle are calculated for Wolter type I mirrors with uniform and laterally graded multilayer coatings. The laterally graded multilayer mirror showed superior x-ray performance, and the multilayer tolerances were relaxed. This multilayer mirror could be especially useful in the soft x-ray microscope intended for biological applications. 相似文献
842.
Accurate pixel-to-pixel correspondence adjustment in a digital micromirror device camera by using the phase-shifting moiré method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A camera based on the digital micromirror device (DMD) technology has been previously developed. In this optical system, the correspondence of each mirror of the DMD to each pixel of the CCD cannot readily be done since the pixel sizes of the DMD and the CCD are very small. An accurate pixel-to-pixel correspondence adjustment in the DMD camera by means of the phase-shifting moiré method is proposed. To perform high accurate adjustment of the optical system, the phase distribution of a moiré fringe pattern is analyzed when the CCD pixels and the DMD mirrors have a mismatch and/or misalignment with each other. This technique does not need a complicated setting or complex image processing to generate the moiré fringe pattern, and it needs only one captured image. In the adjustment experiment, the proposed method provided very accurate adjustment whose error was less than 1/25 pixel. An experiment of phase analysis to demonstrate the usefulness was performed. 相似文献
843.
Mitoma Y Tasaka N Takase M Masuda T Tashiro H Egashira N Oki T 《Environmental science & technology》2006,40(6):1849-1854
The authors achieved highly efficient degradation of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), which are known as persistent organic pollutants. Degradation was accomplished in 24 h through a simple stirring operation using safe and high workability metallic calcium, which acts as both a scavenger and a reducing agent, and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution under mild conditions in a sealed tube at 25 degrees C without a temperature increase within 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure during the reaction. In this system, reductive dechlorination by metallic calcium and catalytic reduction by Rh/C and generated hydrogen gas, without any external addition of hydrogen, exert a synergistic effect on the degradation of chlorinated compounds. Alcohol was used as a proton source and hydrogen, which was generated by a side reaction, causes an increase in the activity of Rh/C catalyst. Through the degradation of 4-chloroanisole in ethyl alcohol, anisole and cyclohexyl methyl ether were obtained in good conversions. Using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, treatment of dioxins and co-PCBs in a solution was markedly effective for degradation to reduce 2806 pg TEQ/ml of initial concentration to 31.8 pg TEQ/ml; its yield was 98.5%. Moreover, degradation in methyl alcohol took place in a 99.3% yield. That concentration ultimately reached 20.3 pg TEQ/ml under a mild wet process. All congeners of dioxins and co-PCBs were degraded in high conversions. In this degradation, lower aliphatic alcohol, such as methyl alcohol, is effective for making a new calcium surface as compared to alcohol with more methylene chains. In addition, it seemed that a higher pressure of hydrogen was easily generated in methyl alcohol, and then catalytic degradation was effectivley influenced. 相似文献
844.
Mori Shigejiro Fukuda Yoshiharu Ueda Yoshihiko 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1975,(6):688-694
The reinforced suspension preheater (RSP) process for the production of portland cement comprises a suspension preheater equipped with precalcining vessels designated as swirl burner and swirl calciner. The process has been demonstrated through the operation of a 235 metric ton per day plant. The swirl burner and swirl calciner provide effective heat transfer and permit control of temperature to obtain raw meal decarbonation of 85-90 percent. Data are presented describing sulfur absorption at various stages of the process. Nitrogen oxide emissions are limited due to the low temperature maintained in the swirl calciner. Excellent cement quality has been obtained. 相似文献
845.
Hayanori Takei Kazuro Furukawa Yoshiharu Yano Yujiro Ogawa 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2018,55(9):996-1008
Frequent beam trips as experienced in existing high-power proton accelerators may cause thermal fatigue in Accelerator-Driven System components. In order to overcome the beam-trip problem, the beam-trip frequencies were estimated based on operational data on existing accelerators. However, there are at least three methods to calculate the mean time between accidental interruptions (MTBI) for one of the accelerator components, the klystron system. In this study, the four types of MTBI for the klystron systems of an electron/positron injector linear accelerator at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization were compared based on the same operational data. In the analysis, the stop events of the klystron systems were classified, and the MTBI for the klystron systems was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimation, which is a representative non-parametric reliability method. As a result, the mean value of the MTBI found by the KM estimation was 57.3 ± 6.5 hours. On the other hand, the mean values of the MTBI found by the three traditional methods were 30.9 ± 2.4, 32.0 ± 2.3, and 50.4 ± 5.9 hours. The mean values for the ratios of the MTBI found by the KM estimation, to the MTBI found by the traditional estimation, were 1.67 ± 0.07, 1.58 ± 0.06, and 1.14 ± 0.01, respectively. Although these results are obviously different from traditional results, it appears that the present estimation is suitable for the MTBI for accelerator components. 相似文献
846.
Araki Wakiuchi Shogo Takasuka Shigehito Asano Ryo Hashizume Aniruddha Nag Miho Hatanaka Tomoyuki Miyao Yuya Ohnishi Takamitsu Matsubara Tsuyoshi Ando Tetsunori Sugawara Mikiya Fujii Hiroharu Ajiro 《大分子材料与工程》2023,308(6):2200626
It is important to match the feeding ratio of comonomers to the composition ratio in the resulting copolymers as closely as possible in industrial production, where the goal is often to produce more a homogeneous composition in copolymers. In this study, a flow copolymerization system with a conventionally initiated free radical method, together with randomly selected polymerization conditions is investigated. It is succeeded in achieving a closer match between the composition ratio and feeding ratio than previously reported in the copolymerization of styrene with methyl methacrylate and of glycidyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate, which will widen the range of applications, by precisely controlling the mixing and heating in a flow polymerization apparatus. This is confirmed by the fact that the estimated values of reactivity ratios, r1 and r2, which are used in the reaction kinetics of copolymerization, are close to 1. 相似文献
847.
Kenji Saito Tsuyoshi Ito Takashi Kuribayashi Kazumi Mochida Teruo Nakakuki Masaru Shibata Masayoshi Sugawara 《Starch - St?rke》2001,53(9):424-430
Resistant starch content of high‐amylose corn starch (HAS) was doubled by heat‐moisture treatment. Resistant starch content of HAS and heat‐moisture treated high‐amylose corn starch (HMT‐HAS) were 31.8 and 67.3%, respectively, as determined by enzymatic‐gravimetric method. Effects of the two types of high‐amylose corn starches, HAS and HMT‐HAS, on starch fermentation, microflora, pH, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content and β‐glucuronidase activity in the cecal content have been investigated. Rats were given ordinary corn starch (OCS; control), HAS or HMT‐HAS at 10% level for 10 13 days. The cecal and colorectal content s weights were larger in HAS and HMT‐HAS groups than in the OCS group. The cecal content s weight did not differ between HAS and HMT‐HAS groups, while the colorectal content s weight was higher in the HMT‐HAS group than in the HAS group. The upper and lower small intestinal and cecal starch contents were significantly higher in the HAS and HMT‐HAS groups than in the OCS group, whereas there were no differences between colorectal starch content in group OCS and HAS. Starch excretion in feces was significantly higher in groups HAS and HMT‐HAS than in group OCS, the increase in the HMT‐HAS group was especially remarkable. The composition of the cecal microflora was not effected by the diet. β‐Glucuronidase activities in rats fed HAS or HMT‐HAS decreased. SCFA concentration was higher in groups HAS and HMT‐HAS than in group OCS, and the cecal pH was lower in groups HAS and HMT‐HAS than in group OCS. 相似文献
848.
Yongzhao Yao Keiichi Hirano Kohei Sasaki Akito Kuramata Yoshihiro Sugawara Yukari Ishikawa 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(9):5487-5500
To evaluate the lattice misorientation at domain boundaries (DBs) in β-Ga2O3, we performed X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI), X-ray reticulography (XRR), and X-ray topography (XRT) using a synchrotron radiation light source. Four reciprocal lattice vectors ( g -vectors) were applied, and the DBs showed different visibilities in the XRDI maps depending on the g -vector. By analyzing possible characteristics of the misorientation, the XRDI results suggested that the DB being investigated was associated with a misorientation on the () plane and contained twist and tilt components. The apparent peak change in XRDI caused by the two components was calculated. We further succeeded in separating the tilt and twist components using XRR images in conjunction with simulation. Dislocation arrays at the DBs were observed using XRT, and the average distance between the dislocations in the array was consistent with the misorientation obtained using XRDI and XRR. The distribution of DBs across a wide area was acquired by a combination of XRR images recorded on a charge-coupled device camera and X-ray films. The fringe-patterned XRR on X-ray films provided a powerful and nondestructive tool to characterize DBs distributed across a large-diameter wafer with an angular resolution on the order of several arc sec (low 10−5 rad). 相似文献
849.
Cui Ma Aierxiding Abulikemu Jian Bao Tomoki Uchiyama Yong-Yao Xia Xun-Lu Li Yoshiharu Uchimoto Yong-Ning Zhou 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(37):2302332
Stacking order plays a key role in defining the electrochemical behavior and structural stability of layer-structured cathode materials. However, the detailed effects of stacking order on anionic redox in layer-structured cathode materials have not been investigated specifically and are still unrevealed. Herein, two layered cathodes with the same chemical formula but different stacking orders: P2-Na0.75Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 (P2-LMC) and P3-Na0.75Li0.2Mn0.7Cu0.1O2 (P3-LMC) are compared. It is found that P3 stacking order is beneficial to improve the oxygen redox reversibility compared with P2 stacking order. By using synchrotron hard and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopies, three redox couples of Cu2+/Cu3+, Mn3.5+/Mn4+, and O2−/O− are revealed to contribute charge compensation in P3 structure simultaneously, and two redox couples of Cu2+/Cu3+ and O2−/O− are more reversible than those in P2-LMC due to the higher electronic densities in Cu 3d and O 2p orbitals in P3-LMC. In situ X-ray diffraction reveals that P3-LMC exhibits higher structural reversibility during charge and discharge than P2-LMC, even at 5C rate. As a result, P3-LMC delivers a high reversible capacity of 190.3 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 125.7 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles. These findings provide new insight into oxygen-redox-involved layered cathode materials for SIBs. 相似文献