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季胺萃取锌的动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以恒界面池法研究了氯化物介质中季胺萃锌的动力学。考查了搅拌转速、传质界面积和温度对萃取速率的影响,判定季爱萃锌为界面化学反应的动力学模式。进一步研究了季胺萃取剂浓度和水相Zn^2+浓度对萃取速率的影响,得到了与理论推断相吻合的速率方程。 相似文献
35.
Electrospinning of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) in chloroform or 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) was investigated, focusing on its solution parameters, to develop nonwoven biodegradable nanofibrous structures for tissue engineering. PLGA nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning of 15 wt % PLGA solution and the resulting average fiber diameters were varied with the range of 270–760 nm, depending on solution property. When small amounts of benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) was added to the PLGA/chloroform solution, the average diameter was decreased from 760 to 450 nm and the fibers were densely amounted in a straight shape. In addition, the average fiber diameter (270 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from polar HFIP solvent was much smaller than that (760 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from nonpolar chloroform solvent. Therefore, it could be concluded that conductivity or dielectric constant of the PLGA solution was a major parameter affecting the morphology and diameter of the electrospun PLGA fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1214–1221, 2006 相似文献
36.
Hong-Bing Tsai Da-Kong Lee Jung-Liang Liu Jiang-Wen You 《Journal of Polymer Research》1995,2(2):109-114
The block copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly(pentamethylene p,p-bibenzoate) and soft segments of poly (tetramethylene ether) were prepared by melt polycondensation of dimethyl-p,p-bibenzoate, 1,5-pentanediol and poly (tetramethyene ether) glycol (PTMEG) with molecular weights of 650, 1000 and 2000. The results by NMR indicate that the polymer composition is determined by the charge molar ratio (x) of PTMEG to dimethyl-p,p-bibenzoate. The thermal transitions of the block copolyetheresters were investigated by DSC in combination with X-ray diffraction and polarized microscopy. Some block copolyetheresters exhibit a monotropic smectic phase due to the presence of the poly (pentamethylene p,p-bibenzoate) segments. As the molar content of PTMEG increases, the average sequence length of the polyester segments decreases, the isotropic-smectic transition temperature and the smectic order decrease accordingly. When x is as high as 0.3, the block copolyetheresters exhibit no liquid crystallinity. 相似文献
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In this article, the polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and p-phenylenediamine was systematically studied, including the liquid–crystalline state of the solution and the spinning of poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA). High-molecular-weight PPTA with εinh = 5–7 was prepared and the main factors influencing the solution polycondensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride were studied in detail. Experimental results showed that the water content of the reaction system, reactant concentration, and volume ratio of mix solvents have a great influence on the inherent viscosity of the poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) obtained. The highest εinh was obtained at 0.3M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent ratio HMPA/DMAC of 4/1 (by volume), at 0.35M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/NMP = 7/3, and at 0.5M/liter of reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/THF = 9/1. The water content must be controlled to less than 100 ppm in the polymerization system. In the early stage of the polycondensation process, the εinh of the polymer obtained increased rapidly with time. The system gelled within 2 or 3 min, while the monomer conversion reached about 100%. However, the reaction of polycondensation continued after gelation and the εinh of the polymer increased appreciably. We have studied the viscosity behavior at 20–155°C for the anisotropic solution of PPTA in 100% sulfuric acid (εinh of PPTA 2.5–4.9). Experimental results showed that, at low concentrations the viscosity of isotropic solution increases with the increase of polymer concentration to reach a maxium near the critical polymer concentration, beyond which the solution changes to an anisotropic liquid–crystalline solution. The appropriate spinning region was obtained as shown in the phase diagram determined by viscosity, degree of depolarization anisotropy, and region of thermal depolymerization. Fibers of PPTA with high modulus and high tenacity were obtained by dry-jet wet spinning. The fibers obtained have a tenacity of ~22 g/denier, a modulus of ~600 g/denier, and elongation at break ~3.5%. 相似文献
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One of the important ways to improve photocatalytic efficiency is to prepare catalyst with enhanced surface area. In this
work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles having enhanced surface area were synthesized under the interference of SiO2. The mixed oxide, SiO2-TiO2 (10% mol% Si), was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using titanium tetra-n-butoxide as Ti-precursor. The commercial SiO2 nanoparticles were added into the TiO2 sols after hydrolysis. After condensation and calcination heat treatment, the SiO2-TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained. To achieve the purpose of obtaining the high-surface-area TiO2, the SiO2 was removed subsequently by aqueous NaOH solution. The TiO2 products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron spectroscopy for
chemical analysis (ESCA), and by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. A fine mesoporous structure was formed for as-prepared TiO2 after calcination at 400∘C and the average pore diameter was about 7 nm. The porous TiO2 products possess mixing phases of anatase and rutile. Phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred when the samples
were calcined. The phase transition temperature is sensitive to the silicon content. The particle size of ∼43 nm remained
constant upon calcinations from 500 to 700∘C. The specific surface area was increased up to 66% compared to regular TiO2 samples that were prepared by the similar sol-gel procedure. The porous TiO2 nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance to decompose methylene blue under UV irradiation. 相似文献
40.
泥磷回收制磷危险性分析与防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
泥磷回收制磷属于化学危险品生产,由于黄磷本身的易燃特性和生产中其他因素的诱导,极容易发生泄漏引发火灾和灼伤。介绍了泥磷的产生和泥磷回收制磷的工艺特点。应用系统安全工程的原理和方法,辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产的潜在危险性;辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产过程中的物质危险性、装置危险性和工艺危险性。运用预先危险性分析法(PHA)对泥磷回收制磷的主要危险、有害因素进行分类和分级。根据对主要危险、有害因素分类和分级的结果,提出技术措施和管理措施来提高企业安全生产管理水平和预防生产性事故的发生。 相似文献