The aggregation behavior and structure of blends of κ-carrageenan and ε-polylysine hydrochloride

Polypeptides play a key role in improving food quality, and understanding their interactions with polysaccharides would be beneficial to developing new foods. Herein, κ-carrageenan (KC) and ε-polylysine hydrochloride (PLH) were chosen as the model polysaccharide and polypeptide, respectively, to study polysaccharide/polypeptide complexes. The KC/PLH solutions were characterized for turbidity as a function of mass ratio, pH, salts and stirred conditions at 0.5 and 1 mg mL^–1 concentrations. The solutions at a KC/PLH mass ratio of 7:3 have the highest turbidity, and the turbidity is stable in acidic conditions, decreases with increase in pH in alkaline conditions and salt concentration, and increases with increase of stirred time and temperature. The Fourier transform infrared spectra suggest that the amide I band of PLH disappears along with a change in the amide II band upon complexing with KC. These changes further influence the microstructure and reveal a rough, non-uniform and large irregular cavity network structure. Indeed, these observations are intimately associated with the dynamic interactions persistent at the molecular level between the KC and PLH. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

Synthesis of a N-doped mesoporous carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction

A facile and effective approach was developed for the preparation of mesoporous Fe-NC by pyrolyzing the mixture of FeCl₂, urea, (NH₄)₂MoO₇, phthalic anhydride and SBA-15, during which the in-situ formation of iron phthalocyanine is confirmed. The obtained catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity towards ORR, whose half-wave potential can be 53 mV more positive than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. Besides, the catalyst also exhibits high selectivity of four electron path, along with excellent stability and methanol tolerance in alkaline media. Based on the characterization results, we suggest, the higher surface areas, highly porous structures induced by SBA-15 addition, as well as high graphitic N content should be the proper origins for its outstanding catalytic performance.     

Synthesis and Bioactivity of 5-Substituted-2-furoyl Diacylhydazide Derivatives with Aliphatic Chain

A series of 5-substituted-2-furoyl diacylhydazide derivatives with aliphatic chain were designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The anti-tumor bioassay revealed that some title compounds exhibited promising activity against the selected cancer cell lines, especially against the human promyelocytic leukemic cells (HL-60). Their fungicidal tests indicated that most of the title compounds showed significant anti-fungal activity. The preliminary structure-activity relationship showed that the aliphatic chain length and differences in the R² group had obvious effects on the anti-tumor and anti-fungal activities. The bioassay results demonstrated that the title compounds hold great promise as novel lead compounds for further drug discovery.     

水平井光纤视像检测技术研究

简要介绍了井下视像检测系统结构及配套工艺,通过室内试验及现场应用,证实其在井筒套管损坏分析的准确性,突出其在提升修井效率上的重要性,分析了影响检测效果的不利因素并提出应对措施。     

A Wearable Respiration and Pulse Monitoring System Based on PVDF Piezoelectric Film

A novel wearable sensor system was developed for monitoring respiration and pulse using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric films as sensor materials. Due to the different signal intensity between respiration and pulse, a “double-sided arch” structure and a “thin-shell” structure were designed and fabricated as substrates for the respiratory sensor and pulse sensor, respectively. These sensors installed on belts can be easily tied on the chest, abdomen, or wrist for comfortable fit. In order to obtain clear respiratory and pulse signals from the sensor patch, some high-quality signal processing modules were designed. The digital signals were transmitted to a computer via Bluetooth and displayed by LabVIEW software. The fundamental principle and functional verification of the developed sensor system were described in this study. By comparing the sensor signals from the proposed structure with those of flat structure, it can be concluded that the proposed sensor is more sensitive and stable than its flat counterpart. In addition, the whole sensor system has the features of ease of use and comfortable to wear. All these make the proposed sensor system a promising sensing device for respiration and pulse real time monitoring.     

New amphoteric flocculant containing beta-cyclodextrin,synthesis, charaterization and decolorization properties

To react with the cationic monomer, N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chloride (TMAEMC), a β-CD derivative carrying vinyl carboxylic acid groups (β-CD-MAH) was designed and synthesized via esterfying reaction between β-CD and maleic anhydride (MAH). Whereafter, a water-soluble amphoteric flocculant, the copolymer of TMAEMC and β-CD-MAH (β-CD-MAH-TMAEMC) has been synthesized by means of free radical copolymerization using the ammonium persulfate (APS) and sodium bisulfite (SBS) redox system as the initiator. The copolymer structure was demonstrated by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, SEM characterizations. Its excellent flocculated decolorization properties were evaluated with Acid Light Yellow 2G solutions using a jar test method. With the mass ratio of 1/10 (w/w) between the flocculant and dye, and at pH 4 and 20 °C of the initial dye solution, the maximum color removal reached. The charge neutralization played a dominant role during the flocculated decolorization process, although the inclusion of dye molecules into the cavities of β-CD well maintained in side chain of β-CD-MAH-TMAEMC also contributed to the conglomerates and floccules.     

Tuning a hydrophilic nanobelt’s crystal lattice for interface-tailored nanocompositing with a hydrophobic polymer

Nanoblending hydrophilic nanofillers thoroughly into hydrophobic polymer matrices has long been challenging, especially if involving no pre-functionalization on a 1D ceramic nanomaterial. Here we report a facile approach to fine-tuning of sodium titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇) nanobelt’s (NB) surface chemistry widely by exchanging the NB’s crystal lattice cations, for successfully nanoblending the low-cost and versatile NBs into the poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) or p(VBC) and the sulfonated form of pVBC’s [or sp(VBC)] matrixes. For the first time, the adjustable nanocompositing showed a long-sought workability in not only in situ radical polymerization of VBC monomer but also ex situ nanoblending of the p(VBC), with the NBs. The resultant nanocomposites possess an unusual surface versatility that can be tailored from being hydrophilic to being hydrophobic by design. This method concludes a generalized and industry-viable approach to mass-producing nanocomposites of many types facilely at low-cost, especially for large scale industries such as packaging materials.     

合肥地区生物滞留设施的合理构型和设计参数

在土壤渗透速率低、地下水位高的合肥市建造了3个构型和设计参数各异的生物滞留设施开展现场中试,考察设施的水文效应以及对径流的净化效果。借助经现场试验数据验证率定的RECARGA模型,结合当地的降雨特性选择适用于合肥地区的生物滞留设施构型和设计参数。研究表明,建有下排水系统的生物滞留设施的服务面积比宜取5%~7%,填料渗透速率宜取3~5cm/h,设施的表面储水区深度宜取15~20 cm,内部储水区的设置可以大幅削减排水管出流量。当地过低的原土渗透速率使得渗透型生物滞留设施的应用受到很大的限制。     

木质素磺酸钙提纯木质素及其表征

采用酸提纯法从木质素磺酸钙(木钙)中提纯了木质素,并通过元素分析、热重分析法、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对其进行了表征研究。结果表明:当反应体系温度为85℃且p H=3时,木质素产率达到最大值17.66%。提纯后木质素磺酸钙特有的S=O的伸缩振动振动峰消失,而木质素在2851 cm-1和2922 cm-1处出现了碳骨架上甲基、亚甲基中的C-H伸缩振动峰。提纯后木质素大分子结构发生降解反应,重均分子量为23180,数均分子量为10880,多分散系数为2.13。氮气环境下木质素主要的热降解发生在262~562℃之间,而在空气环境下主要热解温度范围为262~457℃,降解后质量残余量分别为50.40%和16.36%,空气中氧气的存在大大促进了木质素的热降解。