基于FVM格式的二维水动力学模型在河道整治工程流态分析中的应用研究

本文基于有限体积单元格式(FVM格式)建立河道二维水动力模型,并将模型用于河道整治工程流态分析计算中,此外结合断面实测水位和流速数据对构建模型进行验证。研究结果表明:基于FVM格式的浅水二维水动力模型适用于非恒定流的流态计算,计算的断面水位和流速与实测值之间的绝对误差值分别在0.08―0.46m和0.3―2.3m/s之间,相关系数均在0.6782―0.7845之间;相比于整治前,整治后的河道断面流速有所减小,断面过流能力相应增加,有助于区域防洪安全。研究成果对于河道整治工程后防洪影响评价流态分析计算提供方法参考。     

安徽省农业旱灾脆弱性综合分析与评价

旱灾是影响安徽省农业特别是粮食生产可持续发展的重要制约因素。在相同致灾强度下,灾情会随灾害脆弱性的增强而加重,因此,研究农业旱灾脆弱性对安徽省防灾减灾和农业可持续发展具有特别重要意义。根据影响旱灾脆弱性的因素和指标体系选取的原则,选择了旱灾面积比、森林覆盖率、农村人均收入等9个指标,采用加权综合评价方法对各市旱灾脆弱性进行分析,并利用聚类分析方法进行旱灾脆弱性区划。结果表明,除合肥市、阜阳市、池州市、宿州市和黄山市5个市需要采取措施降低旱灾脆弱度外,安徽省总体上农业旱灾脆弱性较弱,有较强的抗旱承灾能力。     

Transformation of Crystal Phase of Micron-sized Rutile TiO2 and Investigation on its Sonocatalytic Activity

The partial transformation of crystal phase of micron-sized TiO₂ powder from rutile to anatase was realized utilizing microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. Afterwards, the ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce the transition crystal TiO₂ powder to perform the sonocatalytic activity through the degradation of azo fuchsine in aqueous solution. The results show that the sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO₂ powder is obviously higher than that of pure micron-sized rutile and anatase TiO₂ powders. The degradation ratio of azo fuchsine in the presence of the transition crystal TiO₂ powder attains nearly 80% within 80 min ultrasonic irradiation.     

Effect of miscibility and forced compatibility on damping properties of CIIR/PAc blend

In this study, a kind of novel damping materials was prepared based on the blend of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) and polyacrylate (PAc) synthesized by different molar ratio of butyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Research results from experiments and analyses by employing DMA, TEM, and FTIR show that whether at a cocured system or noncocured system, it can be achieved to shift a loss peak of CIIR towards a higher temperature region and to keep the damping value from markedlly decreasing, which broadens the effective damping function area of CIIR to the vicinity of ambient temperature. In the former system, the thermodynamical miscibility of CIIR and PAc, to some extent, is predominated by the molecular design of PAc, while in the latter system, covulcanized networks play a more significant role in improving compatibility and abating the peak split, though the suppression effect of thermal stress on the transition of CIIR T_ll transition still can not be neglected. Furthermore, transition state derived from the cocuring CIIR and PAc cannot make the phase separation completely take place, and consequently results in the deformation of phase morphology of the cocured CIIR/PAc blend. It is the influence of thermodynamics miscibility and forced compatibility in different size that makes the suppression effect of foreign PAc on CIIR T_ll transition be controllable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3127–3133, 2006     

高效乙烯聚合催化剂的制备——I．催化剂的制备规律

研究了新型含镁络合物的结构、性质及其用于制备高效乙烯聚合催化剂的制备规律。结果表明：将镁、有机醇以及不与镁发生“格式反应”的卤代烷相互作用可迅速发生反应形成新型含镁络合物溶液。该络合物在溶液中可析出结晶。具有特定的化学结构．可以均匀承载于多孔硅胶的孔隙中，负载TiCl4后制备出形态良好的球形高效乙烯集合催化剂。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯的研究

对采用７３２强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂作催化剂合成氯乙酸异辛酯进行了实验研究，提出了适宜的反应条件。实验结果表明，该法酯化率高、过程简便、产物颜色浅，优于浓硫酸作催化剂。     

Low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 over carbon nanotubes supported vanadium oxides

A novel multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNTs) supported vanadium catalyst was prepared. The structure of catalyst prepared was characterized by TEM, BET, FTIR, XRD and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) methods. The results indicated that vanadium particles were highly dispersed on the wall of carbon nanotubes. The V₂O₅/CNT catalysts showed good activities in the SCR of NO with a temperature range of 373–523 K. The Lewis acid sites on the surface of V₂O₅/CNT are the active sites for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ at low temperatures. It was suggested that the reaction path might involve the adsorbed NH₃ species reacted with NO from gaseous phase and as well as the adsorbed NO₂ species. The diameter of CNTs showed positive effect on the activities of the catalysts. Under the reaction conditions of 463 K, 0.1 Mpa, NH₃/NO = 1, GHSV = 35,000 h⁻¹, and V₂O₅ loading of 2.35 wt%, the outer diameter of CNTs of 60–100 nm, the NO conversion was 92%.     

3-甲基-4-硝基亚胺基全氢化-1,3,5-(口恶)二嗪的合成

3-甲基-4-硝基亚胺基全氢化-1,3,5-二嗪是合成第二代烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪的重要中间体。介绍并评价了文献中所报道的合成3-甲基-4-硝基亚胺基全氢化-1,3,5-二嗪的方法。以硝基胍为起始原料成功的合成了3-甲基-4-硝基亚胺基全氢化-1,3,5-二嗪,总收率为68.2%。     

Texaco煤气化装置长周期运行影响因素分析

介绍了Texaco煤气化工艺流程,从原料煤种、水煤浆浓度、操作工艺、关键设备等几个方面讨论了影响装置长周期运行的因素,提出了延长气化装置运行周期的措施。     

加筋生态护坡技术的应用与发展

在越来越注重工程生态性的今天,生态护坡在道路、堤防、城市水利等方面得到了广泛应用。然而很多情况下,生态护坡在强度上无法满足工程设计的要求。加筋生态护坡是土工织物与植草相结合形成的一种护坡形式,在保证工程生态性的同时大大提高了生态护坡的强度,近年来逐渐得到重视与应用。综合介绍了加筋生态护坡的发展历程,将其概括为传统生态护坡、普通加筋生态护坡和高性能加筋生态护坡3个阶段,在此基础上对加筋生态护坡使用的不同结构型式和材质的土工合成材料进行了分类总结,针对国内外加筋生态护坡技术的研究现状和主要结论,结合实例分析了加筋生态护坡的工程应用,指出在保护边坡、减少水土流失及改善生态环境方面的作用。最后,展望了未来需要研究的方向。