有压管道过渡过程的数值计算

基于理想气体状态方程和全新的圆形管道水体积与水深关系数学模型,按照小流量充水原则,结合空气阀的进、排气性质和泄水管的排水特性,对一定的充水流量和不同的放水流量下有压管道充、放水过程中气体压力的变化进行了数值计算。结果表明:在小流量充水的情况下,管内的气体压力不是很高,放水流量越大,对应管段的气体压力越小、管道越危险。     

泥沙随机数学模型分析及其初步应用

通过引入随机理论及其相关处理方法,详细分析随机概念下的泥沙冲淤模式,建立了基于随机理论的泥沙数学模型。此模型避开了恢复饱和系数意义不明、取值不确定问题,以及含沙量与挟沙力的复杂性问题。通过水库淤积、水槽冲刷及一般河道的冲淤计算应用,结果证明本模式定性合理,可与确定性的传统水沙动力学方法作对比。     

科尔沁沙地甸子地土壤蒸发的野外试验研究

采用单因子相关分析、多元回归模拟和灰色关联分析方法研究了科尔沁沙地甸子地不同深度的土壤蒸发量与土壤温度、气温、湿度、风速、日照时数、地下水位埋深等因素的关系.结果表明:用线性方程或指数回归方程拟合土壤蒸发与其影响因素的相关关系,优于二次回归多项式或三次回归多项式.影响土壤蒸发的主要因子是土壤温度和大气温(湿)度,其次是风速和地下水位埋深,而日照时数对土壤蒸发的影响较小.     

长江藕池口水道平面二维水沙数学模型研究

针对三峡水库蓄水以后,藕池口水道滩槽格局稳定性下降,航道条件持续恶化的情况,开展了水道演变相关研究工作。模拟并预测了这一典型弯曲分汊河段在新水沙条件下的演变趋势。研究结果表明,三峡水库蓄水以后,该水道倒口窑心滩从生成到并岸的周期性演变规律并未发生本质性变化,且该区域可能在倒口窑心滩并岸之后发育新的心滩;航宽有不断变窄的趋势,建议及早展开系统治理,以保证该航道稳定的通航条件。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION IN TAIHU LAKE UNDER DIFFERENT HYDRODYNAMIC DISTURBANCES

Contaminants resuspension in sediments induced by wind-wave could influence the water quality in shallow lakes. Resuspension of surface sediments from the Zhushan Bay, Taihu Lake was simulated under different wind forcing by using a pneumatic annular flume in this study. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure flow velocity at each wind speed, and the characteristics of sediment resuspension were studied with the layered sampling technology. The experimental results show that the flow velocity increases with wind speed obviously and 6m/s is a critical wind speed which affected hydrodynamic conditions significantly. The distribution of flow velocity and water depth is different from that in ordinary open channel. With the enhanced hydrodynamic factors, the Suspended Solids Concentration (SSC) in water increases accordingly, and the incipient velocity of sediment resuspension is about 0.21 m/s. Based on the analysis of wind speed and average SSC in water column, the quantitative relationship is obtained. The SSC of the bottom layer is higher than the content of surface layer under different hydrodynamic conditions, and there are similar distributions between SSC and flow velocity in different water layers.     

Multi-mode of vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder

The vortex-induced vibration of a flexible circular cylinder is investigated at a constant Reynolds number of 1 000.The finite-volume method on moving meshes is applied for the fluid flow, and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the dynamic response of a flexible cylinder.The relationship between the reduced velocity and the amplitude response agrees well with the experimental results.Moreover, five different vibrating modes appear in the simulation.From the comparisons of their vortex structures, the strength of the wake flow is related to the exciting vibrating mode and different vortex patterns arise for different vibrating modes.Only 2P pattern appears in the first vibrating mode while 2S-2P patterns occur in the other vibrating modes if monitoring at different sections along the length of the cylinder.The vibration of the flexible cylinder can also greatly alter the three-dimensionality in the wake, which needs further studies in our future work, especially in the transition region for the Reynolds number from 170 to 300.     

湿地水质监测技术与方法

湿地是水陆相互作用形成的特殊自然综合体.具有巨大的水文和元素循环功能,是生物多样性的“基因库”.但由于人类活动和自然因素,使其受到不同程度的污染,特别是水质污染令人担忧.文章对湿地水质监测技术、因子及方法,作了介绍.     

城市雨水径流生态处理研究现状与进展

从城市雨水径流产生的问题出发,分析对城市雨水径流进行生态处理的必要性。对包括植被缓冲带、植被浅沟、生物滞留系统、滞留塘和人工湿地等在内的多项雨水径流管理与利用生态技术的优缺点、净化机理、适用条件等进行了综合比较。并对我国城市雨水径流生态处理技术的应用前景进行了展望,为生态城市建设和城市水环境改善提供借鉴。     

小浪底与西霞院水电站水轮机调速器的异同及特点分析

水轮机调速器是水电站重要的自动化设备,其质量的好坏直接影响到电能品质和水电站安全及经济运行.文章主要从小浪底和西霞院及西沟水电站调速器的选用来分析其各自调速器的异同及特点.     

中缅伊江上游电源电站孤网运行探讨

近年中缅两国合作开发伊洛瓦底江上游水电,成为举世瞩目的能源合作工程。但由于当地电能匮乏,无法为大电站施工提供电能,须先期建设1座施工电源电站。由此,组成一个孤网供电系统,鉴于缅甸的环境特点,这种孤网运行缺点和困难也是少见的,笔者就这种电网运行作分析探讨。