Studies on the semirigid chain polyamide—poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide)

In this article, the polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and p-phenylenediamine was systematically studied, including the liquid–crystalline state of the solution and the spinning of poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA). High-molecular-weight PPTA with ε_inh = 5–7 was prepared and the main factors influencing the solution polycondensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride were studied in detail. Experimental results showed that the water content of the reaction system, reactant concentration, and volume ratio of mix solvents have a great influence on the inherent viscosity of the poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) obtained. The highest ε_inh was obtained at 0.3M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent ratio HMPA/DMAC of 4/1 (by volume), at 0.35M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/NMP = 7/3, and at 0.5M/liter of reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/THF = 9/1. The water content must be controlled to less than 100 ppm in the polymerization system. In the early stage of the polycondensation process, the ε_inh of the polymer obtained increased rapidly with time. The system gelled within 2 or 3 min, while the monomer conversion reached about 100%. However, the reaction of polycondensation continued after gelation and the ε_inh of the polymer increased appreciably. We have studied the viscosity behavior at 20–155°C for the anisotropic solution of PPTA in 100% sulfuric acid (ε_inh of PPTA 2.5–4.9). Experimental results showed that, at low concentrations the viscosity of isotropic solution increases with the increase of polymer concentration to reach a maxium near the critical polymer concentration, beyond which the solution changes to an anisotropic liquid–crystalline solution. The appropriate spinning region was obtained as shown in the phase diagram determined by viscosity, degree of depolarization anisotropy, and region of thermal depolymerization. Fibers of PPTA with high modulus and high tenacity were obtained by dry-jet wet spinning. The fibers obtained have a tenacity of ～22 g/denier, a modulus of ～600 g/denier, and elongation at break ～3.5%.     

基于分层的改进A＊算法在路径规划中的应用

智能交通中的路径诱导系统能够极大地提高人们的出行效率与出行体验。经典A＊算法只注重搜索精度而忽略了搜索效率,在城市道路网络分层的基础上,对高层道路使用的A＊算法进行了改进,对于道路网络中的不同节点,设置估价函数具有不同的权值,同时给定权值的一个上下限阈值,以平衡算法的搜索效率与搜索精度。实验表明,得到的最短路径虽然不是常规的距离最短却是实际行驶时间最优的。     

六维腕力传感器非线性正解耦方法设计

多维力传感器利用其多个转换单元完成测量加载于其结构上未知负载的作用效果,解耦是其设计的重要组成部分。针对传统静态线性解耦方法的不足,试图将传统线性解耦方程扩展为多项式结构,受其多元高次方式通解形式的启发,构造了一种多项式非线性静态正解耦方程,该方法无需传统线性解耦方法中的曲线拟合、逆解,不依赖以系统是线性为前提,且方程可以扩展成任意结构的多项式。实验结果表明:该方法能降低输出耦合误差。     

溴虫腈土壤和甘蓝微量残留量的气相色谱法测定

采用气相色谱法定量分析溴虫腈土壤和甘蓝微量残留量。样品经丙酮提取 ,液 液分配及氧化铝柱层析法净化后 ,以GC ECD测定 ,DB 170 1毛细管柱 ,氮气为载气 ,柱温 2 6 0℃ ,汽化室温度 2 5 0℃ ,检测器温度 2 80℃ ,外标法定量。该方法快速、准确 ,在 0 0 1～ 2 0 0mg/L范围内线性相关系数r2 =0 9999,平均回收率 90 0 %～ 10 3 6 7% ,变异系数 4 4 8%～ 5 89% ,最小检测量 2× 10 12 g ,最低检出浓度 3 3× 10 4mg/kg。     

典型案例教学在《Android 开发技术》课程中的应用

随着移动互联技术的迅猛发展,很多高等学校在软件工程和计算机科学与技术专业开设《Android开发技术》课程,培养学生从事移动互联终端软件开发的能力,但在该课程教学过程中存在教学内容枯燥乏味、学生学习缺乏积极性和教学效果差等问题。分析该课程知识点的特点,提出利用“典型案例”贯穿该课程的核心知识点,教学实践显示该教学方法适合该课程的教学。     

四元数与欧拉角刚体动力学数值积分算法及其比较

为推广四元数保辛积分在工程中的应用,对欧拉角表示的状态方程数值积分与四元数的保辛积分进行比较.重陀螺的数值仿真结果表明四元数保辛积分的数值结果明显优于欧拉角状态方程积分.与欧拉角状态方程积分相比,四元数保辛积分在刚体动力学的数值仿真中更具优势.     

基于祖冲之类方法的多体动力学方程保能量保约束积分

针对一类多体动力学问题导出的微分 代数方程,提出一种保能量、保约束的算法.该算法基于祖冲之类方法和欧拉中点保辛差分,利用祖冲之类方法保证在时间格点上精确满足约束方程,避免约束违约问题;并进一步证明该算法在时间格点上可以精确保能量.数值算例进一步验证该算法的可靠性.     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯的加工性能

本文对高聚合度聚氯乙烯(H-PVC)的发展及其优异的物理机械性能作了简要介绍;着重分析了H-PVC的加工性能和表征方法,并讨论了分子特性和颗料特性及加工组成、加工条件对加工性能的影响,提出了改进H-PVC加工性能的方法。     

不饱和酸结构对不饱和聚酯树脂固化行为的影响

通过IR分析了用顺酐和反酸与聚酯合成不饱和聚酯树脂的反应机理,讨论了二种树脂体系固化放热曲线不同的原因。     

On the nature of the active state of silver during catalytic oxidation of methanol

Under the applied high reaction temperatures (900 K) the Ag surface is restructured and a tightly held oxygen species is formed on the surface (O) apart from O atoms dissolved in the bulk (O). Methanol oxidation to formaldehyde proceeds through this O species as demonstrated by application of a variety of spectroscopic techniques.