反相离子对色谱法测定五氟苯甲酸

用反相离子对色谱测定五氟苯甲酸,采用Shimpack C18色谱柱(150 mm×6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.02 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵(体积比7∶3),pH=2.5(H3PO4)。流速1 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长268nm。测定五氟苯甲酸的线性范围为16.61~415.2 mg/L,回归方程为y=8 584x+94.93,r=0.998 1(n=7),平均加标回收率98.8%。相对标准方差为1.46%(n=6)。     

基于虚拟现实环境的脑机接口技术研究进展

将脑-机接口(brain-computer interface,BCI)技术与虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)相结合构成基于虚拟现实的脑-机接口(BCI-VR)新技术是最近在多媒体和娱乐领域出现的一种BCI应用新模式。BCI-VR兼取两者优势互补,同时又相互促进创新,显示出广阔应用前景。本文从BCI-VR系统基本构成、BCI对VR控制和VR对BCI影响等方面,较详细介绍了近年来BCI-VR的主要研究方法、研究进展和成就,并根据作者体会小结了目前存在的难点与未来的可能发展动向,以与读者交流、共同促进BCI-VR新技术的快速发展。     

全固体腔内倍频Nd:YAG/SrWO4/KTP拉曼激光器

报道了以KTP晶体作为倍频介质,以Nd:YAG晶体作为激活介质,以SrWO4晶体作为拉曼介质的折叠腔型主动调Q腔内倍频拉曼激光器的输出特性,给出了输出黄光平均功率、脉冲能最、脉冲宽度随激光二极管(LD)抽运功率及脉冲重复率的变化关系.在输入抽运功率为12.6 W,脉冲重复率为20 kHz时,获得了1.4 W的590 nm激光输出,从LD到黄光的转换效率为11.1%.在输入抽运功率为12.6 W,脉冲重复率为10 kHz时,单脉冲能量为122 μJ,脉冲宽度为4.0 ns.相应的脉冲峰值功率为30.5 kW.     

基于个体排序的自适应遗传算法

针对遗传算法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,文中提出了一种基于个体排序的自适应遗传算法。在传统自适应遗传算法中,交叉概率和变异概率的自适应更新是依据个体的适应度值进行的。但是在算法后期,由于种群陷入局部极值,使得值的差异变小,更新时难以体现个体差异。借鉴序优化的思想,在所提改进算法中,将个体适应度值排序,并采用排序号替代适应度值。这种采用序差异取代值差异的方法能够增大种群中、后期的交叉概率和变异率的值,有利于避免算法陷入早熟收敛。文中对几种标准的函数进行了测试,结果表明,改进后的算法在收敛速度和收敛精度方面优于其他两种自适应改进算法。     

Anodizing of etched aluminum foil coated with modified hydrous oxide film for aluminum electrolytic capacitor

Prior to galvanostatical anodization in boric acid solution, aluminum capacitor foil with a tunnel etch structure is treated in a two-step process in which a non-dense hydrous oxide film is first formed on foil in neutral boiling water for 10 min [namely, conventional hydration (CH)] and the hydrous oxide is then modified in a 80 °C weakly acidic solution containing trace amount of citric acid for 3 min [namely, modified conventional hydration (MCH)]. After modification, the hydrous oxide film becomes dense and thin. Time variations in the anode potential during anodizing were monitored, and the structure and dielectric properties of the anodic oxide films were examined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. It was found that the MCH-induced hydrous oxide film results in a decreased power consumption during anodization and an increased crystallized anodic oxide film, which has a high specific capacitance and a low specific resistance, comparing with the CH-induced hydrous oxide film.     

Performance of different fermentation methods and the effect of their duration on the quality of raw cocoa beans

This study aims to compare the effect of three cocoa fermentation methods and their duration on raw cocoa quality. Results showed a decrease in percentage of physical quality defects on fermentation method. Cocoa fermented for 4 days presented higher percentage of purple beans reached 45% and about 10% of slaty beans than cocoa fermented for 6 days whatever the process. Fermentation duration did not influence the mouldy beans that were around 1%. Formation of brown beans increased from 16% to 50% depending on the fermentation duration and process. Using wooden boxes allowed higher percentage of 77%–90% brown beans than others materials. Acidity of cocoa decreased on fermentation duration but beans treated in boxes were significantly (P = 0.05) acidic from 1.40 and 3.07 meq of NaOH g^?1. Fungal population did not vary in number depending both on the duration and the fermentation method with rates that ranged from 3.32 × 10⁷ to 8.63 × 10⁷ CFU g^?1.     

哈尔滨地区办公建筑夜间机械通风能耗及室内热环境分析

采用EnergyPlus软件对哈尔滨地区典型办公建筑在常规空调系统运行模式与夜间机械通风系统运行模式下的室内热环境和能耗进行了模拟。结果表明,在哈尔滨地区,白天室外最高温度高于24℃时都适合进行夜间机械通风,一共约60d,占空调运行期的72.3%;整个夏季空调运行期内,采用夜间机械通风系统该办公建筑节电量指标为1.15kWh/(m2.a),节省运行费用指标为1.02元/(m2.a);在人工制冷阶段,夜间机械通风模式下的室内热环境明显优于常规空调模式,且房间体积与表面积比越小,越有利于提高室内环境的热舒适性;当室内空气设计温度较高时,室内温度下降大,延迟人工制冷开启时间长,但是节能量未必比室内设计温度较低时高。     

Effect of the thermal treatment mode on the composition and structure of ZrB2-SiC system composites

The composite materials and coatings for graphite based on a ZrB₂-SiC system were obtained by the formation of a glass-forming melt in air. The effect of the heating mode on the structure and properties of the materials synthesized was shown. The coatings can be used for protecting graphite from oxidation for several hours at temperatures up to 1400°C.     

Criteria for versatile GaN MOVPE tool:high growth rate GaN by atmospheric pressure growth

Growth rate has a direct impact on the productivity of nitride LED production.Atmospheric pressure growth of GaN with a growth rate as high as 10μm/h and also Al_0.1Ga_0.9N growth of 1μm/h by using 4 inch by 11 production scale MOVPE are described.XRD of（002） and（102） direction was 200 arcsec and 250 arcsec, respectively.Impact of the growth rate on productivity is discussed.