Simultaneous CO2 and H2O Activation via Integrated Cu Single Atom and N Vacancy Dual-Site for Enhanced CO Photo-Production

Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into fuels using pure water as the proton source is of immense potential in simultaneously addressing the climate-change crisis and realizing a carbon-neutral economy. Single-atom photocatalysts with tunable local atomic configurations and unique electronic properties have exhibited outstanding catalytic performance in the past decade. However, given their single-site features they are usually only amenable to activations involving single molecules. For CO₂ photoreduction entailing complex activation and dissociation process, designing multiple active sites on a photocatalyst for both CO₂ reduction and H₂O dissociation simultaneously is still a daunting challenge. Herein, it is precisely construct Cu single-atom centers and two-coordinated N vacancies as dual active sites on CN (Cu₁/N_2CV-CN). Experimental and theoretical results show that Cu single-atom centers promote CO₂ chemisorption and activation via accumulating photogenerated electrons, and the N_2CV sites enhance the dissociation of H₂O, thereby facilitating the conversion from COO* to COOH*. Benefiting from the dual-functional sites, the Cu₁/N_2CV-CN exhibits a high selectivity (98.50%) and decent CO production rate of 11.12 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. An ingenious atomic-level design provides a platform for precisely integrating the modified catalyst with the deterministic identification of the electronic property during CO₂ photoreduction process.     

面向架空线路的无人机带电无损探伤系统的研究与应用

针对目前输电线路金具压接工艺、质量检测方法准确率低且特征分辨率弱,传统探伤技术受限于设备的体积、对碳纤维导线和钢芯铝绞线适用性等问题,研制一种基于无人机的架空线路 X 光带电无损探伤系统。对压接金具在服役过程中各类缺陷的形成机理进行分析,建立关键设备状态评价体系,在此基础上,提出无人机X光带电无损探伤检测模型,采用遥感图像采集技术实现探伤图像采集,对采集的架空线路线夹遥感图像进行高斯滤波降噪处理。基于边缘检测图像分割算法对降噪输出的探伤图像进行故障缺陷分区,实现缺陷精准识别、故障定位。实验结果表明,研制的无人机带电无损探伤系统损伤检测的特征分辨能力较强,同时具备主动减振、电磁防护特性,对架空线路本体及附属设备缺陷的精益化管控具有重要意义。     

基于FPGA的短波红外图像灰度级拉伸算法实现

为了增强短波红外成像仪的成像对比度,提高目标的识别率,介绍了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的灰度拉伸算法的实现方法。利用视频数据两帧之间灰度分布近似的特性,通过统计上一帧图像的灰度分布,计算图像拉伸所需要的参数,处理当前帧的图像,达到实时处理的效果。在灰度统计模块中,利用FPGA的片上块随机存储器(Block RAM)资源,采用非倍频的流水线数字逻辑设计,避免了跨时钟域的操作,降低了系统状态机的复杂度,提高了系统的工作频率。采用国产320×256元InGaAs面阵探测器,搭载了Xilinx Artix-7系列芯片的实验平台进行实验,仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高短波红外图像的对比度,具有占用资源少、运算速度快、成本低、可移植性高等优点,满足短波红外成像仪实时灰度拉伸处理的设计要求。     

Fabricating Ir/C Nanofiber Networks as Free‐Standing Air Cathodes for Rechargeable Li‐CO2 Batteries

Li‐CO₂ batteries are promising energy storage systems by utilizing CO₂ at the same time, though there are still some critical barriers before its practical applications such as high charging overpotential and poor cycling stability. In this work, iridium/carbon nanofibers (Ir/CNFs) are prepared via electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment, and are used as cathode catalysts for rechargeable Li‐CO₂ batteries. Benefitting from the unique porous network structure and the high activity of ultrasmall Ir nanoparticles, Ir/CNFs exhibit excellent CO₂ reduction and evolution activities. The Li‐CO₂ batteries present extremely large discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and long cycling life. Moreover, free‐standing Ir/CNF films are used directly as air cathodes to assemble Li‐CO₂ batteries, which show high energy density and ultralong operation time, demonstrating great potential for practical applications.     

Synthesis and glutathione S-transferase structure-affinity relationships of nonpeptide and peptidase-stable glutathione analogues

A series of nonpeptidic glutathione analogues where the peptide bonds were replaced by simple carbon-carbon bonds or isosteric E double bonds were prepared. The optimal length for the two alkyl chains on either side of the mercaptomethyl group was evaluated using structure-affinity relationships. Affinities of the analogues 14a-f, 23, and 25 were evaluated for a recombinant GST enzyme using a new affinity chromatography method previously developed in our laboratory. Analysis of these analogues gives an additional understanding for GST affinity requirements: (a) the carbon skeleton must conserve that of glutathione since analogue 14a showed the best affinity (IC50 = 5.2 microM); (b) the GST G site is not able to accommodate a chain length elongation of one methylene group (no affinity for analogues 14c,f); (c) a one-methylene group chain length reduction is tolerated, much more for the "Glu side" (14d, IC50 = 10.1 microM) than for the "Gly side" (14b, IC50 = 1800 microM); (d) the mercaptomethyl group must remain at position 5 as shown from the null affinity of the 6-mercaptomethyl analogue 14e; (e) the additional peptide isosteric E double bond (25) or hydroxyl derivative (23) in 14e did not help to retrieve affinity. This work reveals useful information for the design of new selective nonpeptidic and peptidase-stable glutathione analogues.     

Analysis of right ventricular function during bypass of the left side of the heart by afterload alterations in both normal and failing hearts

This study investigated the mechanism of right ventricular failure during bypass of the left side of the heart by precisely assessing right ventricular function with use of a conductance catheter. Bypass of the left side of the heart was established with a centrifugal pump in 10 mongrel dogs weighing 11 to 19 kg. Right ventricular function during left heart bypass was evaluated by two parameters that were both derived from measurement of relative change in right ventricular volume by the conductance catheter technique. One parameter was the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as a load-independent index, and the other was the peak right ventricular pressure-right ventricular stroke volume relationship as a "force-velocity relationship." These parameters were measured in both normal and failing hearts while afterload was increased by bilateral intrapulmonary balloon inflation. Moreover, changes in these relationships were observed by varying assist ratios of left heart bypass from 0% to 100%. Failing heart models were induced by normothermic aortic clamping for 20 minutes. The right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in normal hearts did not change, irrespective of the assist ratio of left heart bypass, whereas that in failing hearts decreased from 4.25 +/- 1.41 mm Hg/ml without bypass of the left side of the heart to 3.53 +/- 1.30 mm Hg/ml after 100% assist of left heart bypass (p < 0.05). In the peak right ventricular pressure-right ventricular stroke volume relationship, right ventricular stroke volume was almost constant in normal hearts when afterload was increased regardless of the assist ratio of left heart bypass. Moreover, right ventricular stroke volume was maintained at a higher level during bypass of the left side of the heart compared with that without left heart bypass. However, that slope of the relationship in failing hearts was inversely linear and became significantly steeper after 100% assist of bypass of the left side of the heart compared with that without left heart bypass (-0.131 +/- 0.042 versus -0.051 +/- 0.038, p < 0.005). Therefore ++these two slopes of the relationship intersected at a point that was considered the critical point of afterload during bypass of the left side of the heart. In other words, right ventricular stroke volume was decreased by 100% left heart bypass above the critical point of afterload. In conclusion, this study demonstrates not only that bypass of the left side of the heart results in an increase in right ventricular stroke volume in both normal and failing hearts at the physiologic range of afterload, but also that right ventricular function against higher afterload is impaired by 100% assist of bypass of the left side of the heart in failing hearts.     

基于DSP的列车信号处理算法分析

介绍一种互相关检测解调算法用于列车交通信号的检测,可将不同制式下的各种高频信号送DSP进行处理,提取出承载列车控制信号的低频信号,以便分析其中的载频信息和低频信息;对互相关检测算法流程作了分析说明,提出该算法在DSP器件上的基本实现方案,并给出了部分实验数据;采用互相关解调算法(能量算法)对轨道信号进行解调,具有运算速度快、精度高、抗干扰性能好和对硬件资源要求低等特点;经过反复的轨道信号实测,完全符合国家标准。     

一种新的涉密数据跨域传输机制

针对涉密数据在多个域之间传输的安全需求,介绍一种新的涉密数据跨域传输机制。该机制基于一种新的跨域认证与密钥建立协议,借助各域内的监督服务器完成双向认证,并结合签密法建立新的文件传输密钥。安全分析证明,该机制能保证不同安全等级域之间涉密数据传输的安全性和隐密性,并能抵御多种安全攻击。