Optimising Reliability: Portfolio Modeling of Contract Types for Retail Water Providers

This paper considers the retail water provider’s purchasing decision of a portfolio of permanent contracts from wholesalers with multiple volatile water sources. We consider the reliability of two contract types: (1) fixed annual quantities, and (2) an inflow harvest function with storage. Our four-reservoir case in Sydney (Australia) has cross-correlated inflow data. To accommodate multi-reservoir cross-correlation we adapt Portfolio Theory from finance to lognormal reservoir inflows, re-framing traditional storage theory from the wholesaler’s optimal operating policy to the retailer’s optimal purchasing policy. We find that Reliability improves with access to a source pool (cf. fixed quantities from separate sources), demonstrating the ‘insurance effect’, and the portfolio that minimises lognormal variance also minimises harvest (and thus environmental impact). Reform direction in Australian (and other international) water markets is towards multi-provider vertical disintegration, which may reduce pool opportunities and negate the insurance effect. We consider diminishing reliability returns as reservoir harvesting increases, and conclude a retail portfolio of permanent contracts from reservoirs, plus short-term contracts from alternative sources (either independently or negatively cross-correlated) efficiently secures high reliability. The challenge in incomplete water markets remains in encouraging and sustaining supply diversification that may only be needed aperiodically during extreme droughts.     

论灌区水文生态禀赋及建设生态文明

运用新的水文生态的观点分析了灌区问题,将灌区水文系统、生态系统分为渠首引水系统、配水渠系、田间灌溉系统、井渠系统、排水系统、作物系统、土壤及水文地质系统等10个子系统。经过分析论证,灌区是一个典型的水文生态系统,从而揭示了灌区生态文明的实质和内涵,使生态文明灌区建设更具明确的目的和工作内容,为灌区的可持续发展提供了理论依据,也为其他水利工程的水文生态分析提供了参考。     

Observation of the induced pressure in a hybrid mlcro/nano-channel

This paper studies the flow characteristics in micro/nano-channels subjected to an applied electric field. The nano-channel flow was observed by means of the fluorescence Calcein. A Fluorescence Concentration Gradient Interface (FCGI) was observed across the nano-channel array. The front of the FCGI was shown to have an analogous parabolic shape. The propagation of this interface reflects indirectly the induced pressure at the micro/nano-channel junction, where the enrichment-depletion processes are known to take place. This induced pressure was predicted by numerical simulations, and this paper gives the first experimental evidence.     

历史维度下的河西走廊水利问题研究

社会建设和生态文明建设中,历史维度是不可或缺的一环,流域管理亦然。通过对河西走廊近代水资源开发利用历史的回顾,分析了甘肃省河西走廊地区石羊河、疏勒河及讨赖河流域的水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和流域管理的演变,重点探讨了河西走廊地区历史上形成的"以时分水"的时间水权制度的运行情况、人类活动影响下流域水循环特征变化导致时间水权制度失效的机理,以及讨赖河流域传统分水模式与现代水利制度衔接的现实需求与可能方式。研究认为,在历史维度下进行流域管理问题研究,对于深入认识河西走廊水环境演化规律、深刻理解水资源开发利用管理问题的现实内涵、科学制定传统水资源管理与现实发展要求衔接的可行方案具有重要意义。     

Two-step anodization of maltilayer TiO2 nanotube and its photocatalytic activity under UV light

A double-layer TiO2 nanotube arrays were formed by two-step anodization of Ti foils in different electrolytes. First, Ti in 0.5 wt% HF was anodized to form thin nanotube layer. Afterwards a second anodization was conducted in a formamide based electrolyte, which allowed the second layer of nanotube growing directly underneath the first one. From FESEM investigation we found that the thickness of second layer corresponded to the anodization time, the increasing of which would lead to the excessive etching on the first layer. The first layer protected the lower one from fluoride corrosion during anodization process. The double layer TiO2 nanotube arrays showed no benefit to photodegradation effect in methyl orange degradation experiments.     

Deformation mechanism of hot spinning of NiTi shape memory alloy tube based on FEM

As a successively and locally plastic deformation process, ball spinning is applied to manufacturing thin-walled Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) tube at high temperature. NiTi SMA tube blank belongs to the as-cast state which consists of a lot of dendritic grains and a few equiaxed grains. The compression tests of NiTi SMA were carried out at various strain rates at high temperature in order to obtain the constitutive model of NiTi SMA. Because NiTi SMA is sensitive to the strain rates at high temperature, rigid-viscoplastic finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate ball spinning of thin-walled NiTi SMA tube in order to analyze the deformation behavior of ball spinning of NiTi SMA tube. Stress fields, strain fields as well as velocity fields is obtained by means of rigid-viscoplastic FEM, which lays the profound foundations for studying the metal flow rule in ball spinning and forming perfect spun NiTi SMA tube.     

火电机组高压抗燃油系统检修及缺陷处理

目前大、中型汽轮发电机组,广泛采用以抗燃油为液体工质的数字电流调节系统(DEH系统),高压抗燃油系统(EH系统)是汽轮机DEH系统的重要组成部分,根据DL/T 838《发电企业设备检修导则》电力行业标准的要求,EH系统为A类设备,并按A级检修项目定期进行大修.EH系统较为庞大,设备类型较多,专业性较强,通过大修可恢复功能、消除缺陷,确保机组安全、稳定运行.     

高校岗位绩效考核信息管理系统设计与实现

高校岗位绩效考核管理涉及的数据量大、流程较多,设计开发了支持其网上运行的缋效考核信息管理系统,实现了岗位绩效管理信息存储处理和全流程控制,满足了高校发展战略和人力资源配置的辅助分析决策需要.     

新型巷道堆垛式立体车库的虚拟设计

提出了一种新型巷道堆垛式立体车库的方案,阐述了其工作原理及存取车过程.运用模块化的设计思想,将车库分为提升机、堆垛机及泊车位三大模块,分别在Solidworks里进行了建模,并组装成虚拟样机.以所存车辆的长、宽、高为原始参数,对虚拟样机进行参数驱动,最终完成了立体车库的虚拟设计,缩短了设计周期,提高了设计效率和可靠性.     

机械装备构件轻量化主要技术途径的探讨

在对机械装备构件轻量化的基本原则和主要技术依据进行概括的基础上,就机械装备构件轻量化强度设计技术进行探讨,分别在简单拉伸、弯曲、扭转、疲劳等受力状态下,对简单形状构件轻量化强度设计判据进行分析,并进一步得到构件轻量化强度设计通用判据;对铁、钛、铝、镁、钴等金属基体合金轻量化性能指标进行比较,并进一步提出逐步建立构件轻量化材料性能指标体系的设想;对机械装备构件轻量化成形工艺和表面改性技术的作用进行概括,并提出通过工艺技术提高构件材料的强度(或屈服强度)、提高构件截面形状的抗弯截面系数(或抗扭截面系数)、提高表面层材料的强度(或屈服强度)和改变构件表面为压应力状态等工艺途径来达到构件轻量化目的。