A Cross-sectional Study on the Relationship Between Homocysteine and Lipid Profiles Among Chinese Population from Hunan

Previous studies have explored the relationship between homocystein (Hcy) and lipid profiles. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent. The current study investigated the correlation between Hcy and lipid profiles in Chinese community-based population. The participants were composed of 4012 Chinese people aged 30–92 years old, who were recruited from rural and urban communities in the Hunan Province. Non-parametric test and logistic regression were used to examine the distribution of Hcy and lipid profiles (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and the relationship between them. The median age of subjects was 54.50 years old, and 40.98% were male. Median Hcy was 13.20 μmol/L, and 35.39% had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Median TG was 1.51 mmol/L, TC was 4.77 mmol/L, LDL-C was 2.62 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.27 mmol/L. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HHcy was associated with high levels of TG (OR_male = 2.240, p < 0.001; OR_female = 2.539, p < 0.001), TC (OR_male = 2.237, p < 0.001; OR_female = 2.202, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (OR_male = 1.413, p = 0.010; OR_female = 1.617, p < 0.001) in the different sexes population and low level of HDL-C in females (OR = 1.326, p = 0.023) after adjusting for confounders. HHcy was independently associated with an increasing risk of low HDL-C among females. The regression analysis showed that HHcy was also associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high level of LDL-C in males and females from Chinese community-based population, which provides a basis for the treatment and prevention of abnormal lipid metabolism.     

苄基化疏水改性淀粉的合成及水煤浆分散性能

采用氧化淀粉和羟乙基淀粉为原料,氯化苄为疏水剂,引入一定量的疏水基团苄基,制备出两种新型苄基化改性淀粉(氧化苄基化淀粉(OBS)和羟乙基苄基化淀粉(HBS))。将OBS和HBS作为分散剂应用于神华煤制备水煤浆,探讨改性淀粉对浆体的表观黏度、制浆浓度、稳定性和流变性的影响。结果表明:OBS和HBS的最佳添加量为0.50%(质量分数,下同),最大制浆浓度为65%;苄基化疏水改性后制得的淀粉分散剂均具有较好的分散效果,含苄基和羧基更多的OBS分散剂性能更佳,浆体表观黏度为842 mPa·s,7 d析水率为4.3%,煤颗粒表面Zeta电位降至-36.2 mV,体现出较好的稳定性和流变特性。OBS分散剂通过结构中的疏水基团苄基与煤中的硫水区域通过π电子极化作用力结合,形成平躺的线性折叠链式吸附。     

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal films based on Zn2+ coordination and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal (PC) films, especially those with stable structure colors during deformation, have great potential applications in wearable display devices, decoration, and packaging. Here, PC films with antistretching and invariant structural colors during deformation were prepared, by combining Zn²⁺ coordinated elastic material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with polystyrene@silica (PS@SiO₂) colloidal crystals. The PC films release energy by forming local fractures at a microscopic level during the straining process but the lattice spacing and effective refractive index of the local array do not change. According to the Bragg law, the structure color remains unchanged. The introduction of HPMC gave the PC films excellent tensile properties, and the maximum tensile strength reached 10 MPa. And after 100 times of stretching, bending and compression cycles, the structural color remained unchanged.     

油砂沥青超临界水热改质研究进展

油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术作为一种新型的绿色工艺,具有原料转化率高,体系结焦量少,脱硫、脱硝、脱重金属效果明显等优点;但迄今为止学术界对该过程的机理及相态变化情况仍无法进行准确的描述,尤其是对超临界水在体系中的作用仍存在争议。本文总结了油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术的机理,重点分析了超临界水在体系中的作用,简述了供氢剂和催化剂的研究情况,同时从相行为方面提出了提高体系改质效果的方法。分析表明超临界水在体系中的供氢效果并不显著,而更多的是以催化剂的作用存在。固体催化剂在该体系中的应用存在诸多缺陷,供氢剂的开发将成为油砂沥青超临界水热改质技术的发展方向,且供氢剂和自由基引发剂的应用将极大缓和工艺条件、降低设备要求,有利于促进该工艺的工业化。     

稀土修饰铁碳材料对糖蜜酒精废水处理效果的研究

采用还原铁粉、碳粉、稀土铈及黏结剂等为原料混合制成的Ce-Fe/C复合材料深度处理糖蜜酒精废水,研究了铁碳质量比、稀土铈添加量以及废水处理时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:以铁碳质量比为5∶1,稀土铈添加质量分数为7%制备的Ce-Fe/C复合材料处理糖蜜酒精废水,当反应时间为150 min时,色度去除率达98%以上,COD去除率达70%以上。对制备的复合材料的表征结果表明,稀土元素Ce有效地掺杂到Fe/C材料的晶格中,提高了Fe/C材料的性能。     

基于Visual FoxPro的隧道窑结构设计软件的开发

该系统是基于隧道窑结构设计开发的可视化应用程序系统.系统可实现隧道窑设计中主要设备选型以及燃烧、散热、热平衡的参数计算工作.经检验,软件界面友好、操作方便、可靠、计算速度快,可提高设计人员的工作效率.     

水煤浆喷咀耐磨材料的试验研究

本文根据水煤浆喷咀的工作条件以及不同材料在冲蚀磨损时的行为,对硬质合金,陶瓷材料及超细晶粒硬质材料等进行了试验研究。实验室冲蚀磨损试验和现场运行试验结果表明:超细晶粒硬质材料具有良好的抗冲蚀磨损性能,并可预期热震性得到改善的高致密、高硬度陶瓷材料将是一种新型的优良的水煤浆喷咀材料。     

软磨粒冲刷下材料的行为及磨损机理

研究了具有不同硬度的材料在不同硬度的磨粒冲刷下的磨损特性。结果表明,在相对较软磨粒冲刷下,即使磨粒硬度低于材料硬度,也能使材料发生磨损。且韧性材料的冲刷磨损率随冲击角的增大而增大。对材料的磨损形貌进行了研究,其软、硬磨粒造成的磨损形貌是不相同的。在低角度下,较软磨粒的冲刷使材料发生犁沟及小片脱落,而不像通常硬磨粒冲刷下材料呈现微切削及锻和挤压。研究了热处理硬化后钢在较软磨粒冲刷下的磨损行为,建立了硬度影响磨损率的规律。在高硬度的磨粒冲刷下(H_p/H_m>3)*,材料的硬度变化对冲刷磨损率影响很小,即以热处理硬化来改善材料抗冲刷磨损作用并不大。而在较软磨粒冲刷下(H_p/H_m<3)材料硬度对冲刷磨损率有影响,热处理强化可提高材料抗冲刷磨损性能。     

异丁烷催化脱氢反应机理与失活动力学研究进展

异丁烯是化工行业重要的基础原料,国内外对异丁烯的需求量逐年递增。仅靠石油催化裂解已无法满足对异丁烯的需求,开展异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯工艺的研究备受关注。综述Cr系异丁烷脱氢催化剂的研究进展,探讨Cr系催化剂的活性中心以及发生在活性中心上的多种反应机理和相应的动力学模型,详述催化剂的失活机理,总结积炭的形成过程,指出Cr系异丁烷催化脱氢反应和失活机理以及相关动力学方面研究的不足,并对未来研究前景进行展望。