Structural trends and dielectric properties of Bi-based pyrochlores

The crystal structure and dielectric properties of Bi-based pyrochlore ceramics with formula Bi_1.5ZnM_1.5O₇ (M=Nb, Ta or Sb) were investigated. The three composition ceramics crystallize in the same pyrochlore structure, but the lattice parameters decrease with decreasing B-site ionic radius. Raman spectra analyses were performed to look for short-range structural differences and indicate that the Ta and Sb incorporation into B-site induce the A-site cations array to be more disordered. Ta or Sb replacing Nb lead to smaller dielectric constant and higher temperature coefficient values. The common characteristics for the three compositions are that they have rather low dielectric loss and high resistivity. The dielectric behavior with temperature for BZS and BZT samples were more flat than that of the BZN ceramics. Dielectric abnormal behavior at high temperature for all samples is typically associated with losses by conduction.     

Fuzzy estimation of feed-cutting force from current measurement-a case study on intelligent tool wear condition monitoring

It is very important to use a reliable and inexpensive sensor to obtain useful information about manufacturing processing, such as cutting force for monitoring automated machining. In this paper, the feed-cutting force is estimated using inexpensive current sensors installed on the ac servomotor of a computerized numerical control (CNC) turning center, with the results applied to the intelligent tool wear monitoring system. The mathematical model is used to disclose the implicit dependency of feed-cutting force on feed-motor current and feed speed. Afterwards, a neuro-fuzzy network is used to identify the cutting force with current measurement only. This hybrid math-fuzzy approach will reduce the modeling uncertainty and measurement cost. Finally, the estimated cutting force is applied in the tool-wear monitoring process. Successful experiments demonstrate robustness and effectiveness of the suggested method in the wide range of tool-wear monitoring applications.     

Applications of Level 2 BLAS in the NAG library

We describe work done to improve the performance of NAG Library routines for nonlinear equations and nonlinear least squares problems on vector-processing machines. Calls to the Level 2 BLAS routines for matrix-vector operations were introduced wherever possible, so that further efforts to tune the code could be concentrated within the Level 2 BLAS, and advantage can be taken of optimized implementations of the Level 2 BLAS when they become available. Performance measurements from a CRAY-1S, an AMDAHL VP1100, and a CDC CYBER 205 are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this strategy.     

A polymerizable photoredox initiation system for vinyl photopolymerization

A polymerizable photoredox system consisting of 4-methacryl oxbenzophenone (MABP) and N,N-dimethlaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) used for the photopolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was studied. It was found that the polymerization rate is proportional to the 0.93th power for the AN concentration, the 0.28th power for the MABP concentration, and the 0.25th power for the DMAEMA concentration. The overall activation energy of the polymerization obtained is 30.43 kJ/mol. The recorded ESR spectrum indicates that the excited-state MABP abstraets hydrogen mainly from the methyl group of the dimethylamino moiety. The comparison of the initiation ability of polymeric MABP or polymeric DMAEMA with their monomeric forms has also been done and the results indicate that in good solvents P (MABP) has a much higher initiation ability than that of monomeric MABP, but monomeric DMAEMA and P (DMAEMA) display almost the same initiation ability. In poor solvent, the initiation ability of P (MABP) is not so obviously higher than that in good solvents. The result of UV analysis of P (AN) initiated by the MABP–DMAEMA system indicates that both MABP and DMAEMA not only initiate the photopolymerization of AN, but also enter into P (AN) polymer chains. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation of network formation

Summary the simulation described in Part I was applied to random step polyaddition of a trifunctional monomer and the results were compared with exact solution for an infinite system. The gel point conversions, the weight-average degree of polymerization before (P _w) and beyond (P _w,sol) the gel point, the sol fraction and the cycle rank were used for comparison. The best way for detection of the gel point conversion is the extrapolation of the gel fraction, w _g, to w _g=0. The largest fluctuations are exhibited by P _w and P _w,sol. To get results closer to the exact ones, one can repeat several experiments with smaller number of units or increase the number of units, the former way being somewhat more economical. Typical orders of magnitude used were 10⁷ monomeric units.     

CAPP系统中工艺卡片生成过程的研究

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