Prediction of Solubility Properties from Transfer Energies for Acidic Phosphorus-Containing Rare-Earth Extractants Using Implicit Solvation Model

The differences of thermodynamics energies from the pure phase to a solution were used to predict the solubility properties of acidic phosphorus–containing rare-earth extractants. Four solvents, namely tributylphosphate, n-dodecane, toluene, and n-octanol were used. The thermodynamic cycle of the implicit solvation model and the structure model with short carbon chains were used. The relationship obtained by simulation of the solubility properties and extractant structures agreed qualitatively with reported experimental results. These results provide guidance for the design of new efficient extractants.     

Preparation and characterization of hydrophilicity fibers based on 2-(dimethyamino)ethyl mathacrylate grafted polypropylene by UV- irradiation for removal of Cr(VI) and as(V)

The hydrophilic fibers based on 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) which could remove Cr(VI) ions rapidly were prepared by UV-irradiation induced grafting of DMAEMA through pre-coating photoinitiator on the fibers and modifying with bromoethane(BE). The FTIR, FESEM, XPS, TG-DTG and contact angle spectra manifested that DMAEMA was grafted onto the surface of PP fibers and subsequently was quaternized. The maximum grafting degree (22.9 %) and exchange capacity of DMAEMA (1.2 mmol g^?1) was obtained when PP fibers was immersed in BP concentration of 0.3 % for 4 h, irradiated with the DMAEMA concentration of 100 % and irradiation time of 20 min, and then was modified with BE. The modified fibers of PP-g-DMAEMA with bromoethane were proved to remove Cr(VI) and As(V) with removal rate of 97.3 % and 96.2 % within 10 min, respectively. The prepared fibers have potential application for the removal of Cr(VI) and As(V) from wastewater highly and rapidly.     

A novel method based on ultrastable foam and improved gelcasting for fabricating porous mullite ceramics with thermal insulation–mechanical property trade-off

Foam instability and long drying cycle limits the widespread use of foaming method. In this paper, a kind of porous mullite ceramic with thermal insulation–mechanical property trade-off were fabricated via novel ultrastable foam and improved gelcasting procedure. The solidification process and stability of foam slurry, as well as the thermal, mechanical property and pore structure of the porous mullite ceramics were investigated. The results showed that porous mullite ceramics with different bulk densities could be prepared via varying volume of foam which was stable enough to be maintained in slurry for a long time. The accelerated gelation rate as well as the gelation degree resulted in the improved gelcasting method led to a shortened period of drying and demould. The obtained pores, which were small, smooth, and unimodal distributed in size in porous mullite ceramics, contributed to achieving the trade-off between thermal insulation and mechanical property.     

NbTi合金锻造工艺的优化研究

超导材料已广泛应于高技术领域,NbTi合金作为一种典型的低温超导材料,在高技术领域(高能物理、受控热核聚变、储能、磁悬浮等)中占有极其重要的地位,已成为一种不可替代的新材料广泛应用于能源、交通、医疗、高能物理等重要领域。通过模拟仿真(DEFORM计算)结合实际生产,研究了NbTi合金的锻造这一复杂动态的接触过程,得到了 NbTi合金锻造组织的演化规律,确定了组织均匀的NbTi合金锻造工艺。结果表明：通过模拟仿真发现,采用小变形量,三分之一边长下镦的方式并增加换向拔长,可使NbTi合金的不同位置的变形较为均匀,大面积消除满砧镦拔带来的变形死区,通过实验验证最终生产出符合技术标准的NbTi合金棒材。与美国华昌公司的NbTi合金棒材成分、微观组织和XRE作对比,发现成分的极差、微观组织的均匀性和无损探伤均优于美国华昌公司生产的NbTi棒材,为NbTi合金的生产提供实际参考。     

Mo丝网上双层Ir/W高温抗氧化涂层的制备与表征

为改善溅射依涂层与钼基体之间的结合力,在钼基体与依涂层之间制备了钨粘结层,并成功在钼丝网上制备了双层的铱/钨涂层。研究表明,钨粘结层的制备能有效改善铱涂层与钼基体之间的结合力,从而有效抑制铱涂层的剥落。对于制备态的样品,W粘结层与铱涂层以及钼基体之间未出现明显的互扩散。X射线衍射结果表明,溅射铱涂层为多晶结构且呈(111)择优取向生长。根据Movchan-Demchishin模型,所制备的双层铱/钨涂层的显微结构与“1区”结构类似,该结构表明所制备的涂层横向结合力弱,在拉应力状态下易发生开裂。     

Coach simplified structure modeling and optimization study based on the PBM method

For the coach industry, rapid modeling and efficient optimization methods are desirable for structure modeling and optimization based on simplified structures, especially for use early in the concept phase and with capabilities of accurately expressing the mechanical properties of structure and with flexible section forms. However, the present dimension-based methods cannot easily meet these requirements. To achieve these goals, the property-based modeling (PBM) beam modeling method is studied based on the PBM theory and in conjunction with the characteristics of coach structure of taking beam as the main component. For a beam component of concrete length, its mechanical characteristics are primarily affected by the section properties. Four section parameters are adopted to describe the mechanical properties of a beam, including the section area, the principal moments of inertia about the two principal axles, and the torsion constant of the section. Based on the equivalent stiffness strategy, expressions for the above section parameters are derived, and the PBM beam element is implemented in HyperMesh software. A case is realized using this method, in which the structure of a passenger coach is simplified. The model precision is validated by comparing the basic performance of the total structure with that of the original structure, including the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order bending and torsional modal frequencies. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to choose design variables. The optimal Latin hypercube experiment design is adopted to sample the test points, and polynomial response surfaces are used to fit these points. To improve the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order torsional frequency and taking the allowable maximum stresses of the braking and left turning conditions as constraints, the multi-objective optimization of the structure is conducted using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm on the ISIGHT platform. The result of the Pareto solution set is acquired, and the selection strategy of the final solution is discussed. The case study demonstrates that the mechanical performances of the structure can be well-modeled and simulated by PBM beam. Because of the merits of fewer parameters and convenience of use, this method is suitable to be applied in the concept stage. Another merit is that the optimization results are the requirements for the mechanical performance of the beam section instead of those of the shape and dimensions, bringing flexibility to the succeeding design.     

Frequency weighting filter design for automotive ride comfort evaluation

Few study gives guidance to design weighting filters according to the frequency weighting factors,and the additional evaluation method of automotive ride comfort is not made good use of in some countries.Based on the regularities of the weighting factors,a method is proposed and the vertical and horizontal weighting filters are developed.The whole frequency range is divided several times into two parts with respective regularity.For each division,a parallel filter constituted by a low-and a high-pass filter with the same cutoff frequency and the quality factor is utilized to achieve section factors.The cascading of these parallel filters obtains entire factors.These filters own a high order.But,low order filters are preferred in some applications.The bilinear transformation method and the least P-norm optimal infinite impulse response(IIR) filter design method are employed to develop low order filters to approximate the weightings in the standard.In addition,with the window method,the linear phase finite impulse response(FIR) filter is designed to keep the signal from distorting and to obtain the staircase weighting.For the same case,the traditional method produces 0.330 7 m · s~(–2) weighted root mean square(r.m.s.) acceleration and the filtering method gives 0.311 9 m · s~(–2) r.m.s.The fourth order filter for approximation of vertical weighting obtains 0.313 9 m · s~(–2) r.m.s.Crest factors of the acceleration signal weighted by the weighting filter and the fourth order filter are 3.002 7 and 3.011 1,respectively.This paper proposes several methods to design frequency weighting filters for automotive ride comfort evaluation,and these developed weighting filters are effective.     

FRFT在转子起停车状态评估中的应用研究进展

转子起停车过程中由传统的等时间间隔采样所获得的机械动态信号已不再保持原有的周期特性,采用经典的基于傅里叶变换的谱分析方法进行信号处理不再有效。针对转子起停车状态评估中幅值、频率的非平稳特性所带来的问题,引入分数阶傅里叶变换研究了基于起停车信息的故障定性分析和定量识别方法,提出了基于分数阶全息原理的转子起停车故障特征提取方法,并在此基础上实现了基于分数阶主分量原理的转子故障特征模式定量分类。实验验证表明,该方法解决了转子起停车过程中瞬变信息的获取问题,能有效提取出起停车过程振动信号中的典型故障特征,可以实现对转子不同故障类型及不同故障程度的准确分类。     

基于深度学习特征匹配的铸件微小缺陷自动定位方法

针对射线实时成像检测中精密铸件微小缺陷自动定位的需要,提出一种基于深度学习特征匹配的铸件缺陷三维定位方法。模拟选择注意机制的中央-周边差算法,提出以视觉显著度为尺度,从射线图像复杂背景中检测出微小缺陷及其区域,以定义的区域中央点为待匹配点;然后,提出构造深度卷积神经网络自动提取微小缺陷区域的深度学习特征,通过深度学习特征矢量的相似度,实现在不同视角下投影图像中的同一微小缺陷点的自动匹配;最后,基于平移视差测距原理计算缺陷匹配点的三维空间坐标。实验表明,基于深度学习特征匹配的方法能够正确搜索平移前后投影图像中的同一缺陷点,以此为基础,利用视差测距原理实现了微小缺陷匹配点的自动准确定位,深度定位误差小于5.52%,能够满足对精密铸件微小缺陷智能评判的需要。