Secretion of a bone resorbing factor by chick thyroid glands in organ culture

The ability of the thyroid gland to secrete a bone resorbing factor in vitro was studied using glands obtained from 20-day-old chick embryos. The glands were incubated in a modified BGJ medium containing 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin under 5% CO2-40% O2 at 37 C. The culture media were assayed in vitro by measuring the stimulation of the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from cultured 19-day fetal rat bone shafts over a 48 h period. The glands secreted a stimulator of bone resorption which did not appear to be parathyroid hormone (PTH). The dose-response curve for the thyroid gland factor was not parallel to that obtained using PTH and secretion was not under calcium control. Neither thyroxine (T4) nor triiodothyronine (T3) produced a marked stimulation of bone resorption over a wide range of doses. Bone resorption stimulated by the thyroid gland factor was inhibited by calcitonin (CT). Concentrations of TH and thyroid gland factor which were minimally effective when tested separately, produced a marked synergistic response when added together. This synergism was not seen when T4, T3, PGE1, or PGE2 were tested with PTH. Media obtained by culturing explants of embryonic chick liver, heart and muscle did not have bone resorbing activity. Secretion of the bone resorbing factor by thyroid glands was blocked by Indomethacin (10(-5)M) but the effects of the factor on bone were not blocked by this agent. These results suggest that the thyroid gland is capable of secreting a stimulator of bone resorption, possibly a prostaglandin, which is capable of synergizing with PTH, and which may represent a tissue factor which under certain circumstances may exert an influence on bone.     

Bilinguals in psychotherapy: language as an emotional barrier

The English-speaking clinician frequently evaluates and treats patients whose mother tongue is not English. This paper summarizes some of the evidence supporting an emotional-detachment effect associated with speaking in a second language and describes its implications for the psychotherapy of this population.     

Temperaturen und Gefügeänderungen beim Eindringen von Setzbolzen in Stahl

Untersuchung der Temperaturverteilung beim Bolzeneintreiben in Stahl mit Schuβgeräten mit Hilfe von Thermo-spannungen zwischen dem Beschuβwerkstoff und Konstantandrähten, befestigt in bestimmtem Abstand von der Einschuβstette. Untersuchung der Gefügeänderungen in der Grenzfläche Bolzen-Beschuβwerkstoff bei C 45, 30 CrNiMo 8 und unlegiertem Werkzeugstahl mit rd. 1% C als Beschuβwerkstoff. Einfluβ verschiedener Gefügezustände des Beschuβwerkstoffes auf die Menge des entstehenden Martensits.     

A dye-dilution method for estimating solids content of plastic fats

Summary Solids content of a plastic fat can be estimated by adding a weighed quantity of oil-soluble dye to a known weight of fat, separating a portion of the dyeoil phase in the ultracentrifuge, and determining the concentration of the dye in the separated oil by absorbance measurements. Since the dye is distributed throughout the oil phase, this yields the amount of oil in the spread; solids represent the difference between the amount of spread taken and the amount of oil determined. Of 37 dyes tested, 1,4-bis-methyl aminoanthraquinone and 1,4-bis-isopropyl aminoanthraquinone gave satisfactory results for global edible spreads in which solids contents were known from the formulation. The method also was applied to the estimation of solids in butter, margarine, lard, and shortening. Except for lard, results were in good agreement with solids content determined by dilatometric measurements. The measure of true solids which is obtained by this technique, without prior melting of the fat sample, would be valuable in the study of consistency changes arising from diverse processing conditions. Separation of oil phase from a plastic fat by pressure filtration or by capillary absorption in filter paper was less satisfactory than centrifugation in the dye-dilution method. Presented at the meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Chicago, Ill., Nov. 2–4, 1953.