Multi-user Shared Access (MUSA) procedure for device discovery in D2D communication

Telecommunication Systems - In a wireless self-organizing and the network-assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) network, proximal Device Discovery (DD) plays a noteworthy role. It is the foundation for...     

An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel

As hydrogen fuel cell vehicles move from manifestation to commercialization, the users expect safe, convenient and customer-friendly fuelling. Hydrogen quality affects fuel cell stack performance and lifetime, as well as other factors such as valve operation. In this paper, previous researcher's development on hydrogen as a possible major fuel of the future has been studied thoroughly. Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers which can replace fossil fuel and can be used as fuel in an internal combustion engines and as a fuel cell in vehicles. To use hydrogen as a fuel of internal combustion engine, engine design should be considered for avoiding abnormal combustion. As a result it can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NO_x emissions. The emission of fuel cell is low as compared to conventional vehicles but as penalty, fuel cell vehicles need additional space and weight to install the battery and storage tank, thus increases it production cost. The production of hydrogen can be ‘carbon-free’ only if it is generated by employing genuinely carbon-free renewable energy sources. The acceptability of hydrogen technology depends on the knowledge and awareness of the hydrogen benefits towards environment and human life. Recent study shows that people still do not have the sufficient information of hydrogen.     

The impact of germanium in strained Si/relaxed Si1-xGex on carrier performance in non-degenerate and degenerate regimes

The impact of the fraction of germanium on the carrier performance of two-dimensional strained silicon, which embraces both the non-degenerate and degenerate regimes,is developed.In this model,the Fermi integral of order zero is employed.The impact of the fraction of germanium on the relaxed Si_1-xGe_x substrate（x）,carrier concentration and temperature is reported.It is revealed that the effect of x on the hole concentration is dominant for a normalized Fermi energy of more than three,or in other words the non-degenerate regime.On the contrary, the x gradient has less influence in the degenerate regime.Furthermore,by increasing x there is an increase in the intrinsic velocity,particularly with high carrier concentration and temperature.     

The Application of Artificial Bee Colony and Gravitational Search Algorithm in Reservoir Optimization

Water Resources Management - This paper presented the application of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in reservoir optimization. ABC is an algorithm based on the...     

Protein structural change in a mixed system of ionic and zwitterionic surfactants

The secondary structure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the binary surfactant system of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and zwitterionic N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (DDAPS) was examined at 25°C. The helicity of BSA decreased from 66% to 55% in a solution of DDAPS alone and decreased to 50% in a solution of SDS alone. However, the late addition of DDAPS reformed the helical structure of BSA, which was initially disrupted by SDS. The reformation required higher DDAPS concentrations as the initial SDS concentration increased. A maximum helicity of 63% was attained by this reformation. On the other hand, the helical structure of the protein, which was first affected by DDAPS denaturation, was also reformed to the same degree by the late addition of certain amounts of SDS. Although attention was paid to the additive order of these two surfactants to BSA, the final helicity of the protein depended on the final concentrations of these two surfactants, irrespective of the additive order. These phenomena may be attributed to the predominance of mixed micelle formation over complex formation between BSA and the two surfactants below the mixing ratio of DDAPS ([DDAPS]/([DDAPS]+[SDS])) of 0.95. The predominance of the mixed micelle formation distinctly appeared in mixing ratios between 0.50 and 0.75. In this range, the mixed micelle formation accompanied the removal of dodecyl sulfate (DS) ions bound to BSA upon the late addition of DDAPS to the BSA-SDS mixture, whereas, upon the late addition of SDS to the BSA-DDAPS mixture, the mixed micelle formation was accelerated by the coexistence of DDAPS which disturbed the binding of DS ions to the protein.     

Carrier scattering and impact ionization in bilayer graphene

Transport properties of carriers in bilayer graphene (BLG) were studied. Several analytical models were developed for drift velocity, scattering rate and ionization coefficient of BLG for the first time. Then, the joint effect of temperature and potential difference of layers were addressed on the modeled parameters. The accuracy of the proposed models for drift velocity and scattering rate was verified by the simulation results of published works. In addition, the analytical results of ionization coefficient of BLG were compared with those of silicon.     

Curing Characteristics,Mechanical, Thermal,and Morphological Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs)-Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)-filled natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with various filler loading were prepared by using a two-roll mill. The addition of HNTs increased the scorch time, cure time and maximum torque but reduced curing rate index. The tensile strength increased up to 20 phr of HNTs and then decreased. When HNTs loading increased, the elongations of break, swelling percentage and fatigue life were decreased while modulus at 100% and 300% elongation and thermal properties showed inversely. The dispersion of HNTs inside the NR matrix is shown from SEM images.