Simulation of programmable logic controller

The development and test of a PLC control program takes time, increases equipment down-time, and might damage hardware due to program errors. All of these problems can be eliminated if there is a computer simulation system for testing control programs off line. This paper presented a new method, called Direct Sequential Method, for simulating PLCs. This method resolves a ladder logic sequentially by applying a series of logic deductions. This simulation system has been implemented in C and tested successfully.     

Heat transfers in treatment furnaces

For heat treating cylindrical metal billets, their lay-out in a furnace usually resembles that of an in-line heat-exchanger tube bank, with the air flows orthogonal to the billets. For maximum effectiveness of transferring thermal energy from the forced convecting air to the billets, the optimal horizontal pitch-to-diameter ratio for the billets should be 1·33 ± 0·05. For this same purpose it is advantageous to employ a vertical spacing (between the billets) as large as can be permitted for a given load of billets.     

Improvement options for a former water-driven-mill building now used as a theatre

After investigating the financial feasibility (and so abandoning the idea) of providing self-generated electricity using hydro-power, it was recommended that the top priority should be the direct connection of an electricity supply, from the mains grid to the building; this would cost £8800. Thereby, the theatre would receive a relatively unrestricted supply of electricity at cheaper unit tariffs. This improvement should be followed by the most urgent repairs being carried out to the building fabric, at an estimated cost of £6990. These repairs are necessary to ensure the continued integrity of the building's structure, thereby inhibiting the on-going deterioration.

The energy and financial appraisal also suggested a priority listing of overall improvements to the building in order to achieve a significant, economically justifiable reduction in energy demand; the recommended options are estimated to cost in total £39819. However, the capital cost of such an upgrading would only be recouped, and the theatre achieve a sustainable future, if the building were to be used more intensively and for a wider range of activities than at present in order to increase its revenue significantly.

All prices as stated are those at August 1991.     

基础下早期人防工程处理的实践与探索

地下早期人防工程的处理是当前城市建设中经常遇到的问题。鲁南商城工程地上六层 ,地下一层 ,场区地下有一组早期人防工程 ,距地面 7 0m ,距拟建工程基底不足 2 0m ,影响了工程建设。设计人员通过对早期人防工程的加固处理 ,并在拟建工程设计中运用补偿基础理论 ,消除了地下早期人防工程的不良影响 ,使工程建设顺利进行。该工程实例对同类问题的解决具有实际意义。     

Application of the method of moments to acoustic scattering from fluid-filled cylinders using three different formulations

In this work, we present three different formulations, namely the pressure field integral equation formulation (PFIE), the velocity field integral equation formulation (VFIE), and the combined field integral equation formulation (CFIE) for solving acoustic scattering problems associated with two-dimensional fluid-filled bodies of arbitrary cross-section. In particular using the boundary conditions on the surface of the body, two equivalent problems, each valid for the outside and inside regions of the scatterer, are derived. By properly selecting the associated equations for these equivalent problems, the three different formulations are derived. The PFIE, VFIE, and CFIE are then solved by approximating the cylindrical cross-section by linear segments and employing the method of moments. Further, it is shown that the moment matrices generated by the PFIE and VFIE are ill-conditioned at resonant frequencies of the cylinder, whereas the CFIE generates a well-conditioned matrix at all frequencies. The solution techniques presented in this work are simple, efficient and applicable to truly arbitrary geometries. Numerical results are presented for certain canonical shapes and compared with other available data.     

Indexed in current contents

Indexed in current contents     

CdSe量子点的制备与荧光特性研究

主要讨论了CdSe量子点的制备及荧光特性。CdSe量子点由化学方法制备，通过选择不同的反应时间得到不同尺度的量子点样品。用荧光方法研究了量子点样品在石英衬底和有机溶剂中的荧光特性。实验表明，这些量子点都有良好的荧光特性。还用无限深球方势阱模型分析了量子点样品的电子态，并根据荧光参数估算了量子点的尺度．各样品荧光峰具有一致的半峰宽，表明CdSe量子点的成核过程在反应开始时同时完成。     

碳纳米管/ABS树脂基复合材料的力学性能和雷达波吸收性能的研究

采用竖式炉流动法制备的碳纳米管经液相阳极氧化表面处理后增强ABS热塑性工程塑料。复合材料的力学性能研究显示:碳纳米管的加入有效提高了复合材料的拉伸性能,但材料的耐冲击性能下降。当碳纳米管含量为12 wt%时,复合材料的拉伸强度由45.00 MPa提高到69.96 MPa,杨氏模量由0.75 GPa提高到1.93 GPa。对碳纳米管/ABS复合材料的反射系数测定表明:复合材料在一定频率范围内有雷达波吸收性能。     

TiO2纳米薄膜的微结构控制

通过有机酸修饰的水基so1-gel法，分别制备了由层状、针形和球形纳米粒子构成的纳米二氧化钛薄膜，采用SEM、XRD、红外光谱进行了表征.研究发现，调节水解过程中钛酸四丁酯：醋酸的摩尔比，可以控制薄膜的微结构，并对其机理进行了分析.该方法可以应用于sol-gel法制备其他纳米薄膜过程中的材料微结构控制.