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51.
Andrés Vignaga Frédéric Jouault María Cecilia Bastarrica Hugo Brunelière 《Software and Systems Modeling》2013,12(1):105-119
Model management is essential for coping with the complexity introduced by the increasing number and varied nature of artifacts involved in model-driven engineering-based projects. Global model management (GMM) addresses this issue by enabling the representation of artifacts, particularly transformation composition and execution, within a model called a megamodel. Type information about artifacts can be used for preventing type errors during execution. Built on our previous work, in this paper we present the core elements of a type system for GMM that improves its original typing approach and enables both typechecking and type inference on artifacts within a megamodel. This type system is able to deal with non-trivial situations such as the use of higher order transformations. We also present a prototypical implementation of such a type system. 相似文献
52.
An investigation has been made into the microstructural characterization of the shear bands generated under high-strain rate (≈10^4 s^-1) deformation in Fe-15%Cr-15%Ni single crystal by EBSD-SEM (electron backscatter diffraction-scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron in microscopy) and HREM (high- resolution electron microscopy). The results reveal that the propagation of the shear band exhibits an asymmetrical behavior arising from inhomogenous distribution in plasticity in the bands because of different resistance to the collapse in different crystallographic directions; The γ-ε-α′phase transformations may take place inside and outside the bands, and these martensitic phases currently nucleate at intersections either between the twins and deformation bands or between the twins and ε-sheet. Investigation by EBSD shows that recrystallization can occur in the bands with a grain size of an average of 0.2μm in diameter. These nano-grains are proposed to attribute to the results of either dynamic or static recrystallization, which can be described by the rotational recrystallization mechanism. Calculation and analysis indicate that the strain rate inside the shear band can reach 2.50×10^6 s^-1, which is higher, by two or three orders of magnitude, than that exerted dynamically on the specimen tested. 相似文献
53.
Taesung?Jung Jong-Nam?Kim Seong-Pil?KangEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(6):1813-1822
Wax deposition, precipitation, and gelation make the transport of crude oil in pipelines challenging. The effect of several ethylene copolymers, and small molecules with a long alkyl chain, on wax formation was investigated for n-C32H66 in decane and de-aromatized white oil. Addition of a small amount of EVA (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers delayed nucleation by reducing the onset temperature and the wax appearance temperature. They modified the wax crystal-structure and morphology from large plates to tiny particles by adsorbing to the wax surfaces and inhibiting growth. Viscosity and the pour-point were improved by inhibiting the formation of large aggregates. It was demonstrated that the content of vinyl acetate groups in EVA copolymers affected wax crystallization. The small molecules, propylene copolymers, and ethylene copolymers with ethyl acrylate, maleic anhydride, and ethylene glycol showed a weak inhibiting effect. The effect of wax inhibitors was determined by the content and by the type of structure-disturbing groups in the copolymers. 相似文献
54.
Impact of the Cd2+ treatment on the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Khaled Ben Messaoud Marie Buffire Guy Brammertz Hossam ElAnzeery Souhaib Oueslati Jonathan Hamon Bas J. Kniknie Marc Meuris Mosbah Amlouk Jef Poortmans 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2015,23(11):1608-1620
The present contribution aims at determining the impact of modifying the properties of the absorber/buffer layer interface on the electrical performance of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin‐film solar cells, by using a Cd2+ partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment of the absorber before the buffer layer deposition. In this work, CZTSe/CdS solar cells with and without Cd PE treatment were compared with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)/CdS references. The Cd PE treatment was performed in a chemical bath for 7 min at 70 °C using a basic solution of cadmium acetate. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements have revealed the presence of Cd at the absorber surface after the treatment. The solar cells were characterized using current density–voltage (J–V), external quantum efficiency, and drive‐level capacitance profiling measurements. For the CZTSe‐based devices, the fill factor increased from 57.7% to 64.0% when using the Cd PE treatment, leading to the improvement of the efficiency (η) from 8.3% to 9.0% for the best solar cells. Similar observations were made on the CIGSe solar cell reference. This effect comes from a considerable reduction of the series resistance (RS) of the dark and light J–V, as determined using the one‐diode model. The crossover effect between dark and light J–V curves is also significantly reduced by Cd PE treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Stefano Panebianco Klara Berg Jean-Christophe David Mohamed Eid Uwe Filges Friedrich Gröschel Arnaud Guertin Alexander Yu Konobeyev Christian Latgé Sébastien Lemaire Sylvie Leray Alain Letourneau Markus Lüthy Franco Michel-Sendis Selene Scazzi Gediminas Stankunas Nicolas Thiollière Leonhard Tobler Luca Zanini 《Annals of Nuclear Energy》2009
The MEGAPIE project aimed to design, build and operate a liquid metal spallation neutron target of about 1 MW beam power in the SINQ facility at the Paul Scherrer Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). This project is an important step in the roadmap towards the demonstration of the accelerator driven system (ADS) concept and high power liquid metal targets in general. Following the design phase, an experimental program was defined to provide a complete characterization of the facility by performing a “mapping” of the neutron flux at different points, from the center of the target to the beam lines. The neutronic performance of the target was studied using different experimental techniques with the goals of validating the Monte Carlo codes used in the design of the target; additionally, the performance was compared with the solid lead targets used before and after the MEGAPIE experiment. 相似文献
56.
Andr Neto Carlos Silva Jorge Sousa Horcio Fernandes Carlos Hidalgo Jose Luis De Pablos Sophie Salasca Jean-Marcel Travre Jonathan B. Lister 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1412-1415
The amount of data generated by the infra-red and visible cameras at ITER is expected to be considerably larger than most diagnostics. ITER will have 12 infra-red cameras plus 12 visible cameras in four different equatorial port plugs. Each of the ports will have a Plant System Host (PSH) that will provide a standard image of the plant system to the ITER's Control and Data Access and Communication (CODAC) system.The two key functions of these cameras will be the scientific exploitation with the detection of interesting physics events and the operational protection of the machine, namely the first wall. Already assuming high bandwidth requirements for both audio and video, ITER will provide a separate network for this kind of communication, which will be used to transmit both the experimental and informational data provided by the cameras.This paper presents the current camera plant system design and its interaction with ITER CODAC system and networks. Starting from the camera specifications several alternatives for data collection and compression are discussed. The required inputs from CODAC and a first specification for the internal finite state machine are also presented. Finally, a possible hardware straw man design solution for the plant system hardware is proposed. 相似文献
57.
V. G. Ibarra-Sierra J. C. Sandoval-Santana S. Azaizia H. Carrère L. A. Bakaleinikov V. K. Kalevich E. L. Ivchenko X. Marie T. Amand A. Balocchi A. Kunold 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2018,29(18):15307-15314
The impact of Ga3+ centers in the spin-filtering effect observed in GaAsN samples is investigated through a model based on the master equation approach. Our results, compared with experimental data, show that, Ga3+ are essential to understanding the behavior of the photoluminescence intensity and degree of circular polarization as functions of a Faraday configuration magnetic field. The model presented here takes into account the interplay of Ga2+ and Ga3+ centers, Zeeman and hyperfine interaction. The various processes that drive the spin-filtering effect, as the spin selective capture of conduction band electrons into Ga centers are also considered here. 相似文献
58.
Pörtzgen N Gisolf D Blacquière G 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2007,54(1):118-127
Nondestructive inspection (NDI) based on ultrasound is widely used. A relatively recent development for industrial applications is the use of ultrasonic array technology. Here, ultrasonic beams generated by array transducers are controlled by a computer. This makes the use of arrays more flexible than conventional single-element transducers. However, the inspection techniques have principally remained unchanged. As a consequence, the properties of these techniques, as far as characterization and sizing are concerned, have not improved. For further improvement, in this paper we apply imaging theory developed for seismic exploration of oil and gas fields on the NDI application. Synthetic data obtained from finite difference simulations is used to illustrate the principle of imaging. Measured data is obtained with a 64-element linear array (4 MHz) on a 20-mm thick steel block with a bore hole to illustrate the imaging approach. Furthermore, three examples of real data are presented, representing a lack of fusion defect, a surface breaking crack, and porosity. 相似文献
59.
M Tinazzi A Fiaschi F Mauguière P Manganotti A Polo C Bonato G Zanette 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,50(6):1655-1661
We evaluated vertex-parietal P37, N50, and contralateral N37 somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to posterior tibial nerve stimulation during weak (20 to 30%) and strong (80 to 90%) ipsilateral gastrocnemius-soleus contraction. The results were compared with data obtained during full relaxation. P37 and N50 were attenuated significantly during weak contraction and then abolished during strong contraction, whereas the contralateral N37 was not. The N37 potential spreads over the vertex and over the ipsilateral parietal region during strong contraction. The Cz'-F3 montage was not appropriate for detecting these SEP patterns. These findings suggest that thalamic or cortical gating mechanisms affect specific cortical responses. P37 and N50 could reflect the arrival of the afferent volley into the motor areas from thalamic and cortical (subareas 1 and 2 of S1) projections. N37 could be generated in subarea 3b. Differential analysis of N37 and P37 is required in clinical practice, mainly in those conditions that involve the motor system and in those conditions in which tonic muscular activity is increased. 相似文献
60.
D De Cannière 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,19(4):A215-A220
Since the launching of cardiopulmonary bypass in 1952 the landscape of cardiac surgery has been marked by a major milestone every ten years. Though most of the cardiopathies can be surgically treated with satisfactory results in up to 90% of the cases, we must try to improve the existing results. That means--Can we do better, cheaper and less invasive? Several new surgical approaches aiming at so doing are discussed in the present report: Minimally invasive direct coronary arterial bypass (MIDCAB) which is performed through a small anterior thoracotomy; Beating heart revascularization through sternotomy; Heart Port approach; Trans Myocardial Laser Revascularization (TMLR). Those new technologies respectively offer specific advantages to the existing therapies thus represent promising alternatives in selected subcategories of patients. 相似文献