钻井液固相化学清洁剂ZSC-201的合成及性能

介绍了钻井液用固相化学清洁剂ZSC－201的室内合成及性能评价，结果表明，固相化学清洁剂ZSC－201具有较强的抑制性，可有效抑制粘土水化分散，保证钻井液清洁，在钻井液体系中与阴、阳离子型钻井液处理剂配伍性好，同时具有较好的抑制增效作用，在有效的加量内对钻井液滤矢量和流变性等影响小，固相化学清洁剂ZSC－201已在中原油田近30口井中应用，具有良好的推广应用前景。     

可燃气体冷冻储存安全性分析

根据烃类和其它可燃气体液化储存的特性，比较了气体液化冷冻储存和压力液化储存在设备出现泄漏时的可燃气体释放量、释放速率和扩散范围指出，可燃气体液化冷冻储存与压力液化储存相比。储存压力低，即使出现泄漏，因其泄漏量少。泄漏速率低，扩散范围小，因而可燃气体液化冷冻储存比压力液化储存更为安全。     

高钙盐钻井液体系的研究与应用

中原油田的白庙、河岸、文东和卫城等地区存在着大段易分散、膨胀的泥页岩，造成井下事故。为此，研制了高钙盐钻井液体系。室内实验结果表明，高钙盐钻井液体系能抗150℃以上高温，具有良好的流变性和较低的滤失量，滤饼韧性好；具有和饱和盐水相当的强抑制性，抗盐膏；具有较好的保护油气层作用。现场应用表明，高钙盐钻井液达到了：①固相容量限高。抑制性强，在密度为1．4g／cm^3、膨润土含量为43g／L的情况下仍保持低粘度和切力；②机械钻速比邻井提高30％左右；③维护处理简单，处理成本低；④使用密度比邻井低0．05g／cm^3．保护油气层效果好，静态和动态岩心渗透率恢复值都大干80％。高钙盐钻井液较好地保护了油气层．成功地解决了泥页岩膨胀分散和垮塌问题。     

天然水侵存水率新概念

存水率是评价注水开发油田开发效果的一项重要指标。对比分析了传统存水率、广义存水率和"注水存水率"各自的局限性,发现它们均不能区分注入水和天然水对油藏产生的影响。借鉴"注水存水率"的定义,提出了天然水侵存水率的新概念——真正起到驱替作用和保持地层能量的水侵量占总水侵量的比例,可以有效反映天然水驱油的利用效率,同时结合"注水存水率",可有效分析注入水和天然水对油藏产生的影响。新疆某低渗边底水油藏,其产液量大于人工注水量,故无法计算传统存水率和广义存水率;鉴于此,利用"注水存水率"和天然水侵存水率的评价指标,研究分析了注入水和天然水对驱油效果的影响。成功的实例应用表明提出的天然水侵存水率的分析评价方法简单、实用,可推广应用于类似的水驱开发油藏中。     

陆相断陷湖盆层序构成样式及砂体预测模式——以南堡凹陷东营组为例

以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷东营组为例,通过不同构造带的层序构成样式分析,阐明了陆相断陷湖盆的层序构成样式对砂体分布的控制作用,为陆相断陷湖盆砂体分布预测提供了理论依据。通过南堡凹陷东营组沉积充填时不同构造背景下形成的层序样式及其对储集砂体控制作用的分析,归纳出两种构造背景下的4种层序构成样式,即在北部断坡带构造背景下发育的多断坡带型、单断坡带型和转换带型以及在南部滩海地区斜坡带构造背景下发育的缓坡坡折型。在此基础上,建立砂体预测模式指导储层预测,对确定优质储集体的分布具有指导意义。     

Hydroprocesssing of light gas oil — rape oil mixtures

Two series of experiments of hydroprocessing of light gas oil - rape oil mixtures were carried out. The reactor feed was composed of raw material: first series — 10 wt.% rape oil and 90 wt.% of diesel oil; second series — 20 wt.% rape oil and 80 wt.% of diesel oil.     

Simulation of stochastic metal-forming process for rigid-viscoplastic material

Numerical solution of stochastic metal-forming process is analysed. The theoretical formulation is described which presents probabilistic distributions for velocities and strains taking into account random initial and boundary conditions. Finite element equations for rigid-viscoplastic materials are solved for the first two probabilistic moments of the random velocity field. The example of ring compression with random parameters is presented.     

Solar Light Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: General Considerations and Selected Bench-Mark Photocatalysts

The reduction of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals has received a great deal of attention as an alternative to the depletion of fossil resources without altering the atmospheric CO₂ balance. As the chemical reduction of CO₂ is energetically uphill due to its remarkable thermodynamic stability, this process requires a significant transfer of energy. Achievements in the fields of photocatalysis during the last decade sparked increased interest in the possibility of using sunlight to reduce CO₂. In this review we discuss some general features associated with the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ for the production of solar fuels, with considerations to be taken into account of the photocatalyst design, of the limitations arising from the lack of visible light response of titania, of the use of co-catalysts to overcome this shortcoming, together with several strategies that have been applied to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of CO₂ reduction. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review of the area, but to present general aspects to be considered, and then to outline which are currently the most efficient photocatalytic systems.     

高分子负载钯－金属氧化物催化剂的加氢性能研究

用ＩＲ和ＸＰＳ技术研究了ＦｅＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＢｉＣｌ３改性的Ｐｄ／Ｄ（３５２０）催化剂，考察了金属间及金属与载体的相互作用；研究了催化剂的表面物种及电子结合能，以探讨第二种组分的作用机理以及加氢活性与活性组分的状态的关系，并讨论了ｐ型半导体氧化物和ｎ型半导体氧化物对加氢活性的影响。结果表明，催化剂中金属与载体无明显的相互作用，对化合物加氢起作用的是金属态钯。催化剂的加氢活性得以改变是由于Ｐｄ与Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｂｉ２Ｏ３存在着较强的相互作用。催化剂的加氢活性与钯的外层价电子密度有关。