微生物方法去除污水污泥中重金属的试验研究

大量的重金属离子使得污水污泥在农用过程中产生了副作用。对投加硫酸亚铁盐和硫作为培养基质、污泥的不同投配比、有无接种污泥的条件下利用微生物去除污泥中重金属的效果作了试验研究，表明不同条件下培养的微生物对重金属均有较好的去除效果，并对试验结果进行了讨论。     

SBR工艺去除城市污泥中重金属的研究

以桂林市某城市污水处理厂二沉池的生污泥为培养介质、以硫酸亚铁为底物,利用简化的SBR工艺对城市污泥中以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为主的沥滤微生物进行驯化培养,研究了沥滤微生物对城市污泥中重金属的去除效果。结果表明，在底物投配比为10g/L、污泥接种量为30%、室温为25℃的条件下连续曝气运行2 d,对Cu和Zn的去除率达78.3%和77.7%，对Cd的去除率接近99%，沥滤处理后污泥中的残余重金属含量符合污泥农用的国家标准。     

Synthesis of M(M=Co~(2+),Co~(2+)/Ni~(2+))-doped FeS_2 Nanospheres with Enhanced Visible-light-induced Photocatalytic Activity

Nano-spherical Co~(2+)-doped FeS_2 was synthesized through a simple solvothermal method. The products were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, BET, ICP, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that Co~(2+) ion could change the particle nucleation process and inhibited the particle growth of FeS_2. In addition, when the content of doped Co~(2+) was 15%, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue(MB) achieved 60.72% after 210 min irradiation, which increased by 52.01% than that of the undoped FeS_2. Moreover, comparison experiments also demonstrated that the M(M=Co~(2+), Co~(2+)/Ni~(2+))-doped FeS_2 photocatalytic activity efficiency sequence was Co~(2+) Ni~(2+)Co~(2+)/Ni~(2+). This is ascribed to the fact that the Co~(2+) doping could induce the absorption edge shifting into the visible-light region and increased the surface area of the samples. The effect mechanisms of M-doping on the band gap and the photocatalytic activity of FeS_2 were also discussed.     

Synthesis of M (M=Co<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, Co<Superscript>2+</Superscript>/Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript>)-doped FeS<Subscript>2</Subscript> Nanospheres with Enhanced Visible-light-induced Photocatalytic Activity

Nano-spherical Co²⁺-doped FeS₂ was synthesized through a simple solvothermal method. The products were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, BET, ICP, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that Co²⁺ ion could change the particle nucleation process and inhibited the particle growth of FeS₂. In addition, when the content of doped Co²⁺ was 15%, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) achieved 60.72% after 210 min irradiation, which increased by 52.01% than that of the undoped FeS₂. Moreover, comparison experiments also demonstrated that the M (M=Co²⁺, Co²⁺/Ni²⁺)-doped FeS₂ photocatalytic activity efficiency sequence was Co²⁺ > Ni²⁺>Co²⁺/Ni²⁺. This is ascribed to the fact that the Co²⁺ doping could induce the absorption edge shifting into the visible-light region and increased the surface area of the samples. The effect mechanisms of M-doping on the band gap and the photocatalytic activity of FeS₂ were also discussed.     

李氏禾人工湿地对电镀废水的净化研究

建立以李氏禾为湿地植物,红壤和沸石为混合填料的湿地系统,研究了李氏禾人工湿地对电镀废水的处理效果。结果表明,李氏禾在Cr、Cu、Ni质量分数已达0.049 094%、0.019 538%、0.010 701%的污染湿地中仍能成活。该湿地系统对Cr、Cu、Ni的去除率分别达到63.86%~84.76%、91.78%~96.09%、56.65%~74.62%。因此,李氏禾人工湿地系统在处理重金属污染水体方面表现出极强的应用潜力。     

三维荧光光谱测试方法及其在油气化探中的应用

介绍了原油和土壤样品的三维荧光光谱测试方法。我国西北某大型盆地的２０１个土壤样、１５个原油样以及空白地区７个土壤样品的三维荧光光谱特征表明，各油气田上方土壤样品中存在着与油气物质有关的特征荧光反映，异常样品的荧光光谱与原油的相近，其荧光强度和形态特征变化与油气田的空间位置存在着一定的关系，荧光强度高的样品大多数位于油气田范围之内，且相应的Ｒ２＞０．９．空白区土壤样品的最大荧光强度均较低，且最大荧光峰分布零乱，无规律。因此，三维荧光光谱指纹技术是油气化探中的一种重要手段．     

两相厌氧—好氧技术处理白酒淘洗废水试验研究

采用两相厌氧——好氧工艺,在厌氧接触池投入塑料环,后接自行研究开发的厌氧挡板反应器（内设20μm沸石载体）,再接SBR反应池处理白酒淘洗生产废水。重点介绍了废水处理工程的设计特点和运行效果。运行结果表明了处理效果十分稳定,进水CODCr在3000mg/L左右,出水均在100mg/L以下,并对调试运行中出现的问题进行了讨论。     

胞外聚合物在白腐真菌去除镉过程中的作用

采用白腐真菌的模式菌种黄孢原毛平革菌进行镉的去除试验,研究了胞外聚合物（ＥＰＳ）去除镉量占菌体去除总镉量的比例、ＥＰＳ的组分含量,并对 ＥＰＳ中各组分含量与 ＥＰＳ去除的镉含量进行了相关性分析,通过 ＳＥＭ- ＥＤＳ分析了菌体表面的微区元素组成。研究表明,在 １０ｍｇ／Ｌ Ｃｄ^２＋实验组中 ＥＰＳ去除镉量占菌体去除镉量的比例最高,为 ３７.３９％;Ｃｄ ^２＋初始浓度越高,菌体 ＥＰＳ中蛋白质含量越少、多糖含量则越多,多糖含量最高为 ２０.００ｍｇ／ｇ球;ＥＰＳ中多糖含量与 ＥＰＳ的镉去除量有较明显的相关性;提取 ＥＰＳ 后,菌体表面镉的质量分数会下降到 ４.４２％。结果表明,ＥＰＳ在低浓度镉的去除过程中发挥的作用更大,而 ＥＰＳ各组分中多糖发挥的作用更大;Ｃｄ ^２＋的胁迫会使菌体 ＥＰＳ中多糖含量更高,更有利于镉的有效去除;除了 ＥＰＳ,菌体胞外还有其他的镉去除机制。     

化学分类法处理电镀生产废水

采用化学分类法处理荔浦电镀废水，对含铬、铜、镍废水进行分类收集，分而治之．设计处理能力800m^3／d，经过一年的实际运行，效果明显优于传统化学处理法，处理出水的各项指标均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—96)一级标准，即p(SS)≤21mg／L；ρ(Cr)总≤0．036mg／L；ρ(Ni)总≤0．3mg／L；ρ(Cu)总≤0．007mg/L；pH＝7．95—8．00．该工程投资约70万元，处理成本为4．0元/m^3，由管理公司负责经营，环保部门进行在线监测，效果良好．     

李氏禾对镍的富集特征

通过野外调查和营养液培养实验,研究了李氏禾对镍的富集特征。结果表明,李氏禾能够将土壤和水体中的镍转运到叶和茎,叶中镍最高含量达到1 349 mg/kg,叶中镍含量与水体和淤泥中镍含量之比最高分别达到415.2倍和18.82倍。营养液培养条件下,李氏禾对镍也表现出很强的富集能力,叶中镍的含量最高达到2 926 mg/kg,叶的生物富集系数最高达到156.5。李氏禾生长迅速、地理分布广,且能对镍、铬等多种重金属产生富集,因此,是一种潜在的修复镍、铬等重金属污染土壤和水体的物种。