气浮工艺中微气泡的数码显微动态测量

数码显微摄像系统是集显微动态摄像法与计算机技术于一体的一种先进的测量手段.为此研制了数码显微摄像系统并对气浮工艺中微气泡进行了在线动态测量.试验结果表明,该系统优于已开发的其他气泡测量方法,具有分辨率高、准确可靠、简单省时、可连续在线检测等特点,尤其适合于液相体系的瞬间测量.     

聚硅铝类复合絮凝剂的研究进展

评述了国内外对聚硅铝类复合絮凝剂的研究现状及其进展，并对以后的研究工作提出了建议。作者认为，应在聚铝与聚硅相互作用机理等几个方面加强研究。     

赤泥制备铁钛吸附剂及其除磷效果研究

以氧化铝工业生产过程中排放的废矿渣——赤泥为原料,采用铁盐改性处理,制备以赤泥为基料的新型羟基铁钛吸附剂,用于吸附水中磷酸盐.借助Zeta电位对吸附剂进行表征.考察了吸附剂投加量对除磷吸附剂吸附效果的影响以及吸附动力学等.研究表明,吸附剂对水中磷离子具有良好的吸附解吸效能,对磷的最大平衡吸附容量达到66.2 mg/g.吸附作用依赖于溶液的pH值,属于表面络合沉淀反应机制.吸附等温线和吸附动力学曲线与Langmuir方程和准二级动力学(Elovich)方程较吻合.     

混合添加剂对TiO2/PVDF平板超滤膜性能和结构的影响

研究了不同比例的混合添加剂PEG600-LiCl、丙酮-LiCl、丙三醇-LiCl和PVP-LiCl对TiO2/PVDF平板超滤膜性能和结构的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜( SEM)和接触角测量仪表征了复合膜的结构.结果表明,PEG600-LiCl、丙酮-LiCl、丙三醇-LiCl和PVP-LiCl 4种混合添加剂均可以改善膜性能,其中PEG600-LiCl、丙三醇-LiCl、PVP-LiCl3种混合添加剂加到铸膜液中,明显改善了PVDF膜表面的亲水性,可以将膜表面接触角降低至55°.当PVP与LiCl的质量比为1∶2时,膜的性能达到最优,孔隙率为82.5％,平均孔径为0.1 μm,水通量为100.5 L·m-2·h-1,截留率为95.4％.     

Effects of Slow-Mixing on the Coagulation Performance of Polyaluminum Chloride (PACI)

Conventional jar tests and on-line size monitoring were used to investigate the effects of slow-mixing intensity and duration on residual turbidity and floc size during charge neutralization coagulation and sweep flocculation with polyaluminum chloride. The compensatory effect of slow-mixing on coagulation performance following inadequate or excessive rapid-mixing was also examined. It is found that slow-mixing intensity has a more marked positive effect on charge neutralization coagulation than on sweep flocculation. The optimal root-mean- square velocity gradient, G, for slow-mixing is 15 s^-1 for both coagulation mechanisms, and charge neutralization coagulation requires a longer slow-mixing duration. The optimal slow-mixing duration, based on residual turbidity, is longer than the time to form the largest mean flocs. The optimal product of G and mixing duration, GT, for slow-mixing during charge neutralization coagulation (13500) are higher than that during sweep flocculation (4500) and both are less than the range of values recommended by the American Water Works Association (24000-84000). The optimal GT value under various slow-mixing conditions increases with G. Appropriate extension of slow-mixing duration during charge neutralization coagulation can improve coagulation performance after an inadequate or excessive rapid-mixing duration, but during sweep flocculation, appropriate shortening of slow-mixing duration after an excessive rapid-mixing or appropriate extension of slow-mixing duration after an inadequate rapid-mixing is favorable.     

硅橡胶复合膜渗透汽化分离硫/汽油混合物

Worldwide environment has resulted in a limit on the sulfur content of gasoline. It is urgent to investigate the desulfurization of gasoline. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyetherimide (PEI) composite membranes were prepared by casting a PDMS solution onto porous PEI substrates and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membranes were used for sulfur removal from gasoline by pervaporation. The effects of feed temperature, sulfur content in the feed and PDMS layer thickness on membrane performance were investigated, and an activation energy of permeation was obtained. Experimental results indicated that higher feed temperature yielded higher total flux and lower sulfur enrichment factor. The total flux varied little with the increase of sulfur content in the feed, but the sulfur enrichment factor first increased with the amount of thiophene added into the gasoline, and then the variation was little. The increase of PDMS layer thickness resulted in a smaller flux but a larger sulfur enrichment factor. The result indicates that the PDMS/PEI composite membranes are promising for desulfurization by pervaporation.     

微波辅助水处理研究应用进展

从水处理功能材料制备与改性、催化氧化处理废水、废水消毒及膜分离处理废水等方面综述了微波在水处理中应用及研究现状,重点介绍了微波在膜蒸馏水处理中的研究进展,以期拓展微波在水处理中应用的广度与深度。     

深床直接过滤工艺深度处理城市污水

采用深床直接过滤工艺对城市污水处理厂的二级出水进行了深度处理，考察了同考脱氮除磷的可行性和运行条件。研究表明，通过铁盐絮凝剂的加入，借助微絮凝直接过小可有效去除水中的PO^3-4－P（去除率＞90％）；通过在滤池前加入甲醇作为外碳源，在滤池中进行同步脱氮，气水联合反冲洗相的冲洗方式可使过滤周期长达40h左右。     

城市污水混凝强化一级处理的机理探讨

提出城市污水混凝强化一级处理工艺 ,从污染物质颗粒分布的角度阐述了混凝强化的理论基础、污水中磷的去除以及混凝强化一级处理对整个处理工艺的影响。混凝强化一级处理可能在现有处理设施的基础上以较为简洁的工艺实现有机物和氮磷的去除     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝的絮凝性能及残留铝研究

用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)与AlCl3溶液合成硅铝分布均匀的新型聚硅氯化铝[PASC(A)]混凝剂,并对其进行除浊性能试验。研究了产品B值、Si/Al摩尔比和絮凝体系pH对除浊性能及其在水中残留铝的影响,还与传统方法合成的PASC(B)做了比较。结果表明,PASC(A)具有优良的除浊效果和较低的残留铝含量,且受pH影响较小;具有较低的荷正电性和较宽的最佳投药范围;PASC(A)B 值和Si/Al摩尔比的增大,有助于提高除浊效果和降低残留铝含量。