城市变电站局域共振隔声阻尼减振声学超材料及特性研究

研制了基于局域共振的阻尼材料和纳米涂料两款减振降噪材料,实测结果表明,与常规的减振降噪材料相比,在变电站的噪声频段这两款材料具有良好的降噪特性,可尝试在变电站项目中开展工程应用。     

新型CFRP-UHPC组合管混凝土圆柱轴压性能

为研究超高性能混凝土(UHPC)管替代碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)-钢管混凝土组合柱中钢管的可行性,提出一种外部缠绕CFRP的UHPC预制管、内部现浇填充普通混凝土的新型CFRP-UHPC组合管混凝土(Concrete-filled CFRP-UHPC tube,CFFUT)柱。对10个CFFUT圆柱(包含2个对比柱)进行了单调轴压试验,研究了UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP环向包裹层数和核心混凝土强度等的影响规律。结果表明：CFRP-UHPC管可以有效提高组合柱的承载力、变形能力和延性;CFFUT圆柱破坏形态为核心混凝土压溃、UHPC管开裂和CFRP拉断,破坏后整体性较好,属延性破坏模式;CFFUT圆柱的极限承载力与UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP层数和核心混凝土强度呈正相关;延性系数随UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP层数增加而提高,随核心混凝土强度增加先提高后降低。揭示了CFFUT柱的界面增强作用机制,CFFUT柱极限承载力与同等截面普通混凝土柱相比提高93.9%～203.5%,且CFFUT柱极限承载力一定程度上与CFRP-钢管混凝土柱相当。建立了CFFUT圆柱轴压极限承载力理论计算模型,并通过有限...     

Na+和K+对水泥基材料早期收缩性能的影响

利用压汞、纳米压痕以及27Al固体核磁共振方法,系统研究了不同碱金属离子(Na~+和K~+)与含量对水泥基材料早期自收缩和干燥收缩性能的影响规律。结果表明,超量的Na~+或K~+均促进了水泥基材料早期自收缩和干燥收缩,但K~+的促进作用明显大于Na~+,其机制在于:(1)K~+比Na~+更易促进水泥基材料中小于50纳米孔数量的增加,这使得超量K~+水泥基材料在干燥时具有更大的收缩驱动力;(2)虽然K~+比Na~+更易促进水泥基材料生成高密度水化硅酸钙(HD C-S-H),但同时超量K~+水泥基材料中C-S-H总量也较高,大量的C-S-H是导致较高早期收缩的根源;(3)与Na~+相比,K~+更明显地阻碍了钙矾石(AFt)晶体的形成,削弱了AFt的骨架作用,且K~+可促使AFt向单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)转变,因而导致超量K~+水泥基材料更易发生收缩变形。     

基于滑模控制的折叠翼飞行器辅助机动研究

基于滑模控制策略,研究了折叠翼飞行器辅助机动问题.分析了系统折叠角与气动参数的关系,把机翼折叠角看成额外的控制输入,构造了包含折叠辅助机动的飞行器动力学模型.针对非线性系统,加入混合干扰,设计了非奇异动态终端滑模控制(NDTSMC)器,能够较好地抑制折叠翼飞行器的不确定性,同时完成姿态跟踪控制.仿真结果表明,NDTSMC改善了折叠翼飞行器的控制精度和鲁棒性能,具有较好的抖振消除效果.与传统飞行器相比,加入折叠辅助机动的折叠翼飞行器拥有更高的机动性和抗干扰能力.     

碱对水泥基材料水化及水化产物的影响研究综述

综述了碱以不同碱金属离子存在形式和结合不同阴离子存在形式对水泥基材料水化特性的影响,并基于水泥基材料水化产物微结构及组成,分析对比了碱与水泥基材料水化产物的相互作用。结果表明:根据碱存在形式的不同,碱对水泥基材料水化特性的影响表现出较大差异,而碱在改变水泥水化产物结构和组成的同时,水化产物也有选择性地对碱进行吸收固化,进而使水泥基材料表现出不同宏观性能。分析结果同时说明将水泥基材料中的碱含量以当量碱含量考虑存在一定不足,为精细化控制水泥基材料的性能,碱存在形式的影响不可忽略。     

Synthesis Mechanism and Material Characterization of C<Subscript>4</Subscript>AF Obtained by the Self-propagating Combustion Reaction Method

To investigate the influence of preparation process on the properties of synthesized C₄AF, the powder was prepared via the self-propagating combustion reaction (SPCR) method using urea as fuel and metal nitrates as cation precursors. Synthesis mechanism of the SPCR method, calculation and adjusting principles of urea dosage were detailedly introduced. Material characterization of synthesized C₄AF was performed with the aid of X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal microcalorimetric technique. Remaining content of transition phase of calcium carbonate in synthesized C₄AF was determined by quantitative analysis of X-ray diffractometry. It was found that there was no difference in the hydration behavior of C₄AF synthesized by the SPCR method and the traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method. C3AH6 and amorphous iron (III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) would be formed during the hydration of C4AF while CH not. Crystallite size of synthesized C₄AF was 16.1 Å and the apparent activation energy was 36.2 kJ/mol. Coordinated condition of Al in C₄AF can be detected by ²⁷Al NMR technique, but the peaks were broadened and the intensities were relatively low, supporting the use of ²⁷Al NMR for the quantitative analysis of C₃A in Portland cements.     

Synthesis Mechanism and Material Characterization of C_4AF Obtained by the Self-propagating Combustion Reaction Method

To investigate the influence of preparation process on the properties of synthesized C_4AF,the powder was prepared via the self-propagating combustion reaction(SPCR)method using urea as fuel and metal nitrates as cation precursors.Synthesis mechanism of the SPCR method,calculation and adjusting principles of urea dosage were detailedly introduced.Material characterization of synthesized C_4AF was performed with the aid of X-ray diffractometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,scanning electron microscopy,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,~(27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal microcalorimetric technique.Remaining content of transition phase of calcium carbonate in synthesized C_4AF was determined by quantitative analysis of X-ray diffractometry.It was found that there was no difference in the hydration behavior of C_4AF synthesized by the SPCR method and the traditional solid-state reaction(SSR)method.C_3AH_6 and amorphous iron(III)hydroxide(Fe(OH)_3)would be formed during the hydration of C_4AF while CH not.Crystallite size of synthesized C_4AF was 16.1?and the apparent activation energy was 36.2 kJ/mol.Coordinated condition of Al in C_4AF can be detected by ~(27)Al NMR technique,but the peaks were broadened and the intensities were relatively low,supporting the use of ~(27)Al NMR for the quantitative analysis of C_3A in Portland cements.     

硅粉增强混凝土抗冲磨性能的微观机理

采用Fourier红外光谱(FTIR)和29Si固体核磁共振谱(29SiNMR)结合去卷积技术研究了硅粉增强混凝土抗冲磨性能的微观机理。结果表明硅粉具有较高的水化活性,硅粉掺量为10%的水泥体系水化3d时,大约有41%的硅粉参与反应,水化120d时大约有96%的硅粉参与反应。此外,硅粉的火山灰反应改变了C-S-H结构中Qn的分布和C-S-H的聚合度,在这个过程中,硅粉结构中的Si-O-Si共价键在碱性环境中断裂后形成的水化硅酸根单体与C-S-H二聚体以及Ca2+、OH-结合,形成高聚C-S-H。在分子尺度(几个纳米),硅粉优化了C-S-H结构,使得C-S-H结构有序性增强,在微米尺度,硅粉的火山灰反应使得C-S-H堆积结构更加密实,胶凝性更强,从而改善了混凝土中浆体的性质。这样就从C-S-H层面解释了硅粉改善混凝土强度以及抗冲磨性能的机理。     

基于虚拟结构的自适应翼肋分布式协调控制

针对具有非线性关联大系统特性的自适应翼肋,提出了一种分布式协调控制方法;以自适应翼肋的模糊关联模型为基础,定义了自适应翼肋的每个驱动单元的虚拟结构,设计了虚拟结构的协调控制器,协调控制器之间交换耦合信息并且包含了驱动单元跟踪情况反馈;基于仿射型模糊控制理论,设计了驱动单元的跟踪控制器;将虚拟结构和驱动单元的动力学模型联合构成增广系统,严格证明了系统的稳定性并推导获得控制器设计条件;对自适应翼肋跟踪期望翼型的情况和变形过渡过程的翼肋形状进行了仿真,结果表明自适应翼肋能够达到期望翼型,并且变形过渡过程翼肋形状平滑。     

粉煤灰-水泥水化的核磁共振定量分析

利用高分辨固体核磁共振仪结合去卷积技术,定量分析了粉煤灰水泥浆体中水泥和粉煤灰的水化程度以及C-S-H凝胶中硅氧-铝氧链平均长度,同时研究了粉煤灰火山灰反应对C-S-H结构的影响。结果表明:水化3 d时,系统中约47%的水泥和14%的粉煤灰参与了水化反应,C-S-H平均链长为3.2;水化120d时,水泥和粉煤灰的水化程度分别为89%和33%,C-S-H平均链长约为3.8,远大于纯水泥浆体中C-S-H的平均链长(为2.7)。水化3 d时粉煤灰玻璃相结构中的Si—O—Si,Si—O—和Al—Al共价键断裂,形成了单体硅酸根和单体铝酸根,这些单体结构桥连体系中的二聚体单元进而提高了C-S-H平均链长。粉煤灰掺入并不会因为C-S-H聚合度提高以及ACL增加就能促进粉煤灰水泥浆体强度。