Plant-wide control for the economic operation of modified single mixed refrigerant process for an offshore natural gas liquefaction plant

The marine operation of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) demands process compactness, flexibility, simplicity of operation, safety, and higher efficiency. The modified single mixed refrigerant (MSMR) process satisfies the FLNG process requirements and is accepted as a suitable technology for FLNG operation. The aim of this study was to develop a plant-wide control structure or strategy that can sustain the economic efficiency of the MSMR process. The NGL recovery and liquefaction units were integrated in the MSMR process to provide a compact plant structure with an efficient operation. Steady-state optimality analysis was intensively conducted in a rigorous dynamic simulation environment to determine the correct variable to sustain the economic efficiency of MSMR process. The results showed that the flow rate ratio of heavy and light mixed refrigerant (HK/LK ratio) is a promising self-optimizing controlled variable. Controlling this variable can sustain the MSMR optimality, even when the process is operated under off-design operating conditions or in the presence of disturbances. Based on the control structure tests, the control configuration with the HK/LK ratio loop showed excellent performance, maintaining the process stability against a range of disturbances. The proposed approach can also be applied to any cryogenic liquefaction technology for determining a possible optimizing controlled variable.     

Effects of Process Parameters on the Temperature Field in Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Blade Precision Forging Process

Blade precision forging is a high temperature and large plastic deformation process. Process parameters have a great effect on temperature distribution in billet, so in this paper, by taking a Ti-6Al-4V alloy blade with a tenon as an object, the influence of process parameters on the temperature distribution in precision forging process was investigated using 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FEM (finite element method) code developed by the authors. The results obtained illustrate that: (1) the gradient of temperature distribution increases with increasing the deformation degree; (2) with increasing the initial temperature of the billet, the zones of high temperature become larger, and the gradient of temperature distribution hardly has any increase; (3)friction factors have little effect on the distribution of temperature field; (4) with increasing upper die velocity,temperature of the billet increases while the temperature gradient in billet decreases. The results are helpful to the design and optimization of the process parameters in precision forging process of Ti-alloy blade.     

管道双车车间螺旋流周向速度特性研究

考虑到筒装料管道水力输送技术在研究内容方面所存在的欠缺,在管道流量为40 m3/h条件下,运用粒子图像测试技术对管道双车车间水流速度进行了测量,并结合相关理论对管道双车车间水流周向速度特性进行了分析.试验中采用的管道车模型型号相同,均为150 mmx70 mm,所带导流条长度为150mm,安放角为15°,输送管道内径为...     

宰前、屠宰及加工过程对冷鲜猪肉保水性影响研究进展

冷鲜猪肉的保水性作为影响产品品质的重要因素,对企业经济效益具有重要意义.影响冷鲜猪肉保水性的因素很多,本文主要从生猪饲料营养、宰前管理、屠宰和冷却工艺等环节进行分析,综述国内外学者的研究成果,从而为冷鲜猪肉保水性的增加、生产工艺优化、关键点有效控制及安全、优质猪肉产品的生产提供理论依据.     

基于决策树的MPEG视频镜头分割算法

压缩视频镜头的分割是视频内容分析中的一个难点,由于镜头在组织和索引视频中起关键性的作用,提出了一种基于决策树的MPEG视频镜头分割算法。该算法采用决策树这种机器学习方法对样本视频进行训练,通过融合运动信息、颜色、边缘等特征获得镜头分割的最佳阈值,较好地解决了压缩视频处理中检测镜头突变和渐变难题,同时还能够检测出镜头是否产生闪光现象和相机运动的产生。实验证明本算法在压缩视频镜头检测方面取得了较好的检测结果。     

复杂应力区段煤柱合理留设宽度仿真研究

针对南关煤矿3205运输巷道工作面掘进与支护困难、巷道变形严重且维修频繁的现状,为破解复杂应力情况下煤柱合理留设宽度这一关键性问题,借助FLAC 3D软件进行了应力场与位移场仿真分析。研究结果表明:显著的水平应力场、邻近的采动应力场与劣化的围岩稳定性三重因素的综合作用是制约3205运输巷正常掘进作业的瓶颈。在不同煤柱宽度方案比选过程中,窄煤柱在应对较强水平应力与剪切应力作用时处于劣势。煤柱宽度越大,采动应力场对煤柱及工作面的影响越小,采掘活动更为安全。经过方案比选,最终确立留设煤柱在复杂应力区段的合理宽度为30 m。     

连续刚度法对单晶硅片的力学性能的表征

利用纳米压痕仪通过连续刚度测量法对单晶硅片在压入过程中的接触刚度、硬度、弹性模量进行了连续测量.结果表明:当接触深度在20～32 nm左右时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成直线关系,硬度和弹性模量基本保持不变,此时所测得的是单晶硅片表面氧化层的硬度和弹性模量,分别约为10.2 GPa和140.3 GPa.当接触深度在32～60 nm左右时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成非直线关系,硬度和弹性模量随接触深度急剧增加,表明单晶硅片表面氧化层的硬度和弹性模量受到了基体材料的影响.当接触深度在60 nm以上时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成直线关系,硬度和弹性模量基本保持不变,测得值为单晶硅的硬度和弹性模量,分别约为12.5 GPa和165.6 GPa.     

厚壁离心管坯轴向裂纹分析

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对材质为21CrMo10的管坯,在不同工艺参数下的温度场和热应力场进行了分析,结合实际检验得出:出现轴向裂纹的原因在于涂层太薄、管坯横截面的温度梯度大于了8℃/mm,随着涂层厚度的减小、浇注温度的升高,厚壁管坯内壁的热应力有增加的趋势.     

复合型聚醚聚氨酯固体电解质的制备及交流阻抗分析

合成了1种线性聚醚聚氨酯,并以此聚合物为基体加入O/Li=16(摩尔比)的锂盐,分别掺入纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2制备了两类复合聚合物固体电解质(CSPE).在室温下,纳米SiO2复合型聚合物固体电解质的电导率最大,达到6.40×10-6S/cm.通过红外光谱、热分析及交流阻抗等手段研究了电解质本体,以及掺入无机氧化物粒子之后其质量分数与离子电导率之间的关系.结果表明,纳米SiO2质量分数达到15%,纳米TiO2质量分数达到25%时,离子电导率最大.在室温下,加入纳米SiO2比加入纳米TiO2的离子电导率要高;但随着温度的升高,这种差距越来越小.     

Effects of <Superscript>60</Superscript>Co-γ and Electron Beam Irradiation on Storage Quality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax ginseng</Emphasis>

Fresh ginseng was irradiated with ⁶⁰Co-γ or an electron beam at the dose of 2 and 4 kGy and stored at 2 °C. The quality of ginseng was evaluated after 60 and 120 days. Results suggest that when the storage time was 120 days, 2 kGy EI-treated ginseng had the lowest decay rate. During the 2 storage periods, the amounts of most of 9 ginsenosides decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose. The total saponin content of both ⁶⁰Co-γ-irradiated and EI-treated samples decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose. Significant (P <?0.05) upregulation of total polysaccharide content was observed in the 4 kGy EI samples after storage. Samples irradiated at 2 or 4 kGy by electron beam irradiation had the highest concentration of total saponin and ginseng polysaccharides, respectively. Levels of most of 17 amino acids decreased with the increasing irradiation dose. Exposure to irradiation doses up to 4 kGy affected the amino acid content of fresh ginseng. Ginseng irradiated at 4 kGy by ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation and stored for 120 days had a significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase (P <?0.05). A significant difference was observed in the total concentration of nucleosides and nucleobases between irradiated and un-irradiated ginseng samples (P <?0.05). These data suggest that the combination of a lower irradiation dose and low temperature is an optimal condition for extending the shelf-life of fresh ginseng without detriment to its ingredients.