A fast compound algorithm for mining generators,closed itemsets,and computing links between equivalence classes

In pattern mining and association rule mining, there is a variety of algorithms for mining frequent closed itemsets (FCIs) and frequent generators (FGs), whereas a smaller part further involves the precedence relation between FCIs. The interplay of these three constructs and their joint computation have been studied within the formal concept analysis (FCA) field yet none of the proposed algorithms is scalable. In frequent pattern mining, at least one suite of efficient algorithms has been designed that exploits basically the same ideas and follows the same overall computational schema. Based on an in-depth analysis of the aforementioned interplay that is rooted in a fundamental duality from hypergraph theory, we propose a new schema that should enable for a more parsimonious computation. We exemplify the new schema in the design of Snow-Touch, a concrete FCI/FG/precedence miner that reuses an existing algorithm, Charm, for mining FCIs, and completes it with two original methods for mining FGs and precedence, respectively. The performance of Snow-Touch and of its closest competitor, Charm-L, were experimentally compared using a large variety of datasets. The outcome of the experimental study suggests that our method outperforms Charm-L on dense data while on sparse one the trend is reversed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of our method and the new schema through an application to the analysis of a genome dataset. The initial results reported here confirm the capacity of the method to focus on significant associations.     

Isolation and characterization of a satellite DNA family in the Saccharum complex

EaCIR1, a 371-bp Erianthus-specific satellite DNA sequence, was cloned from TaqI restricted genomic DNA after agarose-gel electrophoresis. This sequence has 77% homology with a 365-bp satellite of Helictotrichon convolutum and 72% homology with a 353-bp tandem repeat sequence from Oryza sativa. PCR primers defined in the conserved regions of these repetitive sequences were used to isolate other satellite DNAs in different representatives of the Saccharum complex: SoCIR1 in Saccharum officinarum, SrCIR1 in Saccharum robustum, SsCIR1 and SsCIR2 in Saccharum spontaneum, and MsCIR1 in Miscanthus sinensis. EaCIR1 and SoCIR1 were localized to subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Southern hybridization experiments, using two representatives of this repeat sequence family as probes, illustrated contrasting species-specificity and demonstrated the existence of similar repetitive elements in sorghum and maize.     

Towards the development of the framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture

Inter-enterprise architecture (IEA) is a new concept that seeks to apply the tools and methodologies of enterprise architecture (EA) in a collaborative context, in order to model collaborative organizations in an inclusive manner. According to the main enterprise architectures proposed to this point, an EA should be conformed at least for a framework, a methodology and a modelling language. Sensing enterprise (SE) is an attribute of an enterprise or a network that allows it to react to business stimuli originating on the Internet. These fields have come into focus recently, and there is not evidence of the use of IEA for modelling a SE, while finding an interesting gap to work on. Thus, this paper proposes an initial framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture (FISEA), which seeks to classify, organize, store and communicate, at the conceptual level, all the elements for inter-sensing enterprise architectures and their relationships, ensuring their consistency and integrity. This FISEA provides a clear idea about the elements and views that create collaborative network and their inter-relationships, based on the support of Future Internet.     

激光镜将能改善光学器件的性能

加州大学伯克立分校的研究人员研制了一种高性能的镜子,能大幅度地提高光学系统设计效率和下一代激光器件的性能.该器件的性能基本等同目前的高级镜子,但厚度只有高级镜子的二十分之一,且光谱范围更广.     

Prediction of effective area and liquid hold-up in structured packings by CFD

Interfacial effective area and liquid hold-up in structured packing geometries are investigated using the volume of fluid method. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of gas–liquid flow on inclined plane plate and in a structured packing are performed. The VOF method is used to capture the gas–liquid interface motion. After a first validation case on the wetting phenomena prediction on an inclined plane plate, the effective interfacial area, the liquid hold-up and the degree of wetting of packing are studied as function of liquid flow rate and wall surface characteristic (adherence contact angle). Results show that the liquid flow-rate and the contact angle play a significant role. It is found that the interfacial effective area and the degree of wetting of packing increase as the liquid flow rate increases and as the contact angle decreases. Moreover, under the influence of the contact angle, different liquid film shapes are observed. The simulations results are compared to experimental data available in literature. This work shows that the CFD is a powerful tool to investigate performance characteristics of structured packings. Moreover, this work shows how CFD can be used as an effective tool to provide information on fluid flow behavior and determination of interfacial area, liquid hold-up and minimum flow-rate to ensure complete wetting. These parameters could be further used in process simulation at larger scale for the development and the design of efficient packings.     

Investigation of 3D printing strategy on the mechanical performance of coextruded continuous carbon fiber reinforced PETG

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been used to create prototypes and functional parts for various applications using plastic filaments. It has also been extended to the use of continuous fibers for reinforcing thermoplastic polymers. This study aims to optimize the deposition design of a coextruded continuous carbon fiber (CCF) composite filament with a polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) filament. The characterizations on the raw materials revealed that the matrix polymer in CCF composite filament had similar physicochemical properties as PETG, and carbon fibers were homogeneously distributed in CCF filament. The effect of raster orientation and shells number on the mechanical properties of non-reinforced and coextruded CCF-reinforced PETG was investigated. The highest mechanical properties were obtained at a raster orientation of 0° for both reinforced and non-reinforced materials. With the increase of raster orientation, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength decreased. The presence of shells improved the tensile strength of non-reinforced PETG. For composite samples printed with unreinforced shells, Young's modulus decreased due to decrease in fibers content, and elongation at break and ultimate tensile strength increased. Tomographic observations showed that the mechanical behavior of printed specimens depended on the anisotropy of porosity in printed specimens.     

Molecular Regulation of Canalicular ABC Transporters

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes mediate the secretion of several compounds into the bile canaliculi and therefore play a key role in bile secretion. Among these transporters, ABCB11 secretes bile acids, ABCB4 translocates phosphatidylcholine and ABCG5/G8 is responsible for cholesterol secretion, while ABCB1 and ABCC2 transport a variety of drugs and other compounds. The dysfunction of these transporters leads to severe, rare, evolutionary biliary diseases. The development of new therapies for patients with these diseases requires a deep understanding of the biology of these transporters. In this review, we report the current knowledge regarding the regulation of canalicular ABC transporters’ folding, trafficking, membrane stability and function, and we highlight the role of molecular partners in these regulating mechanisms.     

突破现有CMOS工艺限制的晶体管技术

很多人都有过这样尴尬的经历,当有急事需要打电话时,却发现手机没电了,而身边又没有固定电话,如果Cornell大学的研究人员成功了,今后,你将不会再碰到这种尴尬事。Cornell大学的一个研究小组将放射材料与MEMS（微型机电系统）悬臂和电路结合在一起,将核能转变为电能,这种能量源的半衰期大约为100年,基于这种技术的新电池可谓是能“永久”供电的电池。近日,     

Multiscale-Engineered Muscle Constructs: PEG Hydrogel Micro-Patterning on an Electrospun PCL Mat Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles

The development of new, viable, and functional engineered tissue is a complex and challenging task. Skeletal muscle constructs have specific requirements as cells are sensitive to the stiffness, geometry of the materials, and biological micro-environment. The aim of this study was thus to design and characterize a multi-scale scaffold and to evaluate it regarding the differentiation process of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. The significance of the work lies in the microfabrication of lines of polyethylene glycol, on poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofiber sheets obtained using the electrospinning process, coated or not with gold nanoparticles to act as a potential substrate for electrical stimulation. The differentiation of C2C12 cells was studied over a period of seven days and quantified through both expression of specific genes, and analysis of the myotubes’ alignment and length using confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that our multiscale bio-construct presented tunable mechanical properties and supported the different stages skeletal muscle, as well as improving the parallel orientation of the myotubes with a variation of less than 15°. These scaffolds showed the ability of sustained myogenic differentiation by enhancing the organization of reconstructed skeletal muscle. Moreover, they may be suitable for applications in mechanical and electrical stimulation to mimic the muscle’s physiological functions.