A Daily Diary Validity Test of Drinking to Cope Measures.

Data from 2 daily diary studies of stress, negative affect, and drinking were used to examine the correspondence between global self-reports of drinking to cope (DTC) and within-person stress/negative affect-drinking associations. In Study 1, 83 community-residing drinkers recorded data in nightly booklets on negative events, perceived stress, negative affect, and drinking for 60 consecutive days. In Study 2, 88 community-residing drinkers recorded data on negative events and negative interpersonal exchanges nightly and negative affect and drinking in near-real time on palmtop computers for 30 consecutive days. Both studies showed only modest correspondence between self-reported DTC and between-person differences in within-day, daily, and weekly associations between stress/negative affect and drinking. The findings indicate that individuals who report higher DTC simply may drink across a wider variety of conditions than those who report relatively lower DTC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new chip-thickness model for performance assessment of silicon carbide grinding

The chip-thickness models, used to assess the performance of grinding processes, play a major role in predicting the surface quality. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to develop a new chip-thickness model for the performance assessment of silicon carbide grinding by incorporating the modulus of elasticities of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in the existing basic chip-thickness model to account for elastic deformation. The new model has been validated by conducting experiments, taking the surface roughness as a parameter of evaluation .     

Talking About Meter in SGML

This paper describes an encoding for representing quantitativemetrical analyses in TEI SGML or XML documents, using only charactersfrom the standard keyboard set, and a system for converting thisencoding to other forms for display.     

SMC composites waste management as reinforcing fillers in polypropylene by combination of mechanical and chemical recycling processes

A new process of management of waste of composite materials from Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC), as reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic materials, including both mechanical and chemical processes is proposed in this paper. Communited SMC being composed of coated glass fibres intimately mixed with calcium carbonate powder, their reinforcing power is low. First, the fibrous part was increased by partial dissolution of calcium carbonate present in the crushed products SMC. Second, a process of partial solvolysis was developed aiming at strong increasing the interfacial mechanical properties by functionalising of SMC load incorporated into polypropylene/grafted maleic anhydride polypropylene (PP/PP_gma). At this effect, we investigated a treatment with a hot triamine (diethylenetriamine, DETA) in order to create a functionalisation, after scission of the bond ester of unsaturated polyester, as bridging amino-succinimide.The effect of this recycling way by partial solvolysis was checked from the mechanical properties of the resulting reinforced PP/PP_gma material: Although a lower of Young modulus, better yield stress and especially resilience were observed.     

Post-traumatic stress disorder and smoking: a systematic review.

We conducted a systematic review of what is known about the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and smoking to guide research on underlying mechanisms and to facilitate the development of evidence-based tobacco treatments for this population of smokers. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and identified 45 studies for review that presented primary data on PTSD and smoking. Smoking rates were high among clinical samples with PTSD (40%-86%) as well as nonclinical populations with PTSD (34%-61%). Most studies showed a positive relationship between PTSD and smoking and nicotine dependence, with odds ratios ranging between 2.04 and 4.52. Findings also suggest that PTSD, rather than trauma exposure itself, is more influential for increasing risk of smoking. A small but growing literature has examined psychological factors related to smoking initiation and maintenance and the overlapping neurobiology of PTSD and nicotine dependence. Observational studies indicate that smokers with PTSD have lower quit rates than do smokers without PTSD. Yet a few tobacco cessation treatment trials in smokers with PTSD have achieved quit rates comparable with controlled trials of smokers without mental disorders. In conclusion, the evidence points to a causal relationship between PTSD and smoking that may be bidirectional. Specific PTSD symptoms may contribute to smoking and disrupt cessation attempts. Intervention studies that test behavioral and pharmacological interventions designed specifically for use in patients with PTSD are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population.     

The construction of home in a spitalfields landscape

For hundreds of years Spitalfields, the 250 acres that border the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and the City of London, has been a first point of settlement for immigrants. Its tradition of political and religious non-conformity and its proximity to the City of London and the docks have acted as a unique beacon to those seeking refuge and economic opportunity in a capital city. Spitalfields has provided a landscape upon which the incomers have engraved a 'home away from home', for themselves and their families. Using the 'Spitalfields experience' as a focal point, the concept and construction of home by migrants in the diaspora is explored, and some of the cultural tools that the Huguenots, eastern European Jews and Bangladeshis—the protagonist subject groups of this essay—have used to construct their homes in the elsewhere are examined. Due to the spatial limitations of this work, language, diet and religion have been selected as the topics under the microscope. All three facilitated the maintenance of links with the sending societies whilst, in some, though not in every instance, creating a bridge to assimilation. The usage and effectiveness of these tools is compared and contrasted and the role played by Spitalfields over the past four centuries in the creation of homes by those in an alien environment is assessed.     

Storage life of frozen salmonoids Effect of light and packaging conditions on carotenoid oxidation and lipid oxidation

Summary The combined effect of oxygen transmission of packaging material and of exposure to light with different spectral distribution on the oxidative degradation of carotenoids and lipids in frozen salmonoids has been characterized in a storage experiment with steaks of rainbow trout. The degradation of the carotenoid astaxanthin, as followed by HPLC analysis and tristimulus colorimetric measurement, was sensitive to the radiant flux density of UV light and less sensitive to the oxygen transmission rate of the packaging material, in agreement with previous findings for photooxidation of carotenoids in food model systems. This is in contrast to the lipid oxidation, which was found to be dependent on the accessability of oxygen rather than on exposure to UV light. Formation of peroxides in the product culminated after 3 months of storage (up to 8.4 mEq kg^–1 oil), and preceded the formation of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances. The product in packaging material with a high oxygen transmission rate (60 cm³ m^–2 bar^–1 per 24 h) reached a level of approximately 5 mol malonaldhyde/kg^–1 product, when stored exposed to standard fluorescent light or fluorescent light with a high UV component. Rancid taste was not detected by sensory evaluation for any of the products after 6 months of storage, whereas a bitter taste was noted for the product exposed to UV light.

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Die Haltbarkeit von Lachsforellen Einfluß von Licht und Verpackung auf die Carotenoid- und Fettoxydation

Zusammenfassung Der kombinierte Effekt von Sauerstoffdurchgang durch Verpackungsmaterial und der Lichteinwirkung verschiedener spektraler Verteilung auf den oxidativen Abbau der Carotinoide und Fette in gefrorenen Lachsforellen wurde in einem Lagerungsversuch untersucht. Der Abbau des Carotenoids Astaxanthin wurde mit HPLC undTristimulus-Calorimetrie beobachtet, und war empfindlich gegenüber UV-Licht und weniger empfindlich gegenüber der Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit der Verpackung, was mit früheren Ergebnissen für Photooxidation der Carotinoide in Modellsystemen übereinstimmt. Dies widerspricht der Fettoxidation, die mehr von Sauerstoffzugang abhängig ist als von der Entwicklung des UV-Lichtes. Die Bildung von Peroxiden des Produktes kuliminierte nach 3monatiger Lagerung (bis 8,4 meq/kg Öl) und ging der Bildung von Thiobarbitursäure-aktiven Substanzen voraus. Das Produkt im Material mit hohem Sauerstoffdurchgang (60 cm³ m^–2 bar^–1 pro 24 h), das bei normalen fluorescierendem Licht oder bei fluorescierendem Licht mit hohem UV-Anteil aufbewahrt wurde, erreichte einen TBS-Wert von ungefähr 5 mol Malonaldehyd/kg Fleisch. Ein ranziger Geschmack wurde durch sensorische Bewertung nach 6monatiger Lagerung nicht erkannt, wohl aber ein bitterer Geschmack bei dem UV-Licht ausgesetzten Proben.

     

Structure and catalytic activity of highly ordered AlMCM-48 materials with different Si/Al ratios on the degradation of high-density polyethylene

Journal of Porous Materials - Catalysts of AlMCM-48 with different Si/Al molar rations were synthesized by modified hydrothermal method with respect to previous works. As a consequence, the...     

Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Gliadins and Glutenins Extracted from Different Wheat Cultivars on an In Vitro 3D Intestinal Epithelium Model

There is a need to assess the relationship between improved rheological properties and the immunogenic potential of wheat proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of total protein extracts from three modern and two landrace Triticum aestivum commercial flour mixes, with significant differences in gluten strength (GS), on cell lines. Cytotoxicity and innate immune responses induced by wheat proteins were investigated using Caco-2 monocultures, two dimensional (2D) Caco-2/U937 co-cultures, and three dimensional (3D) co-cultures simulating the intestinal mucosa with Caco-2 epithelial cells situated above an extra-cellular matrix containing U937 monocytes and L929 fibroblasts. Modern wheat proteins, with increased GS, significantly reduced Caco-2 cell proliferation and vitality in monoculture and 2D co-cultures than landrace proteins. Modern wheat proteins also augmented Caco-2 monolayer disruption and tight junction protein, occludin, redistribution in 3D co-cultures. Release of interleukin-8 into the cell medium and increased U937 monocyte migration in both 2D and 3D co-cultures were similarly apparent. Immuno-activation of migrating U937 cells was evidenced from cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) staining and CD11b-related differentiation into macrophages. The modern wheat proteins, with gluten polymorphism relatedness and increased GS, were shown to be more cytotoxic and immunogenic than the landrace wheat proteins.