不同低毒性替代试剂抽提对芳烃地球化学特征的影响研究

三氯甲烷是岩石可溶有机质抽提常用的溶剂,但由于其较强的毒性,有必要寻找低毒高效的替代溶剂。比较了6种抽提方法的利弊,并且结合前期的饱和烃地球化学特征影响的成果,探讨了6种抽提方法对芳烃地球化学特征的影响。结果表明,6种方法得到的芳烃化合物的分布及相关参数基本接近,仅B方法的化合物的抽提存在明显差异,不同于其余方法;而E方法的抽提效果更佳,甲基萘化合物的分布相对高一些,更有利于参数的计算,而其余的菲、三芴及四环与五环芳烃化合物的分布及参数接近。结合饱和烃的分布总体认为,E方法更有利于抽提,并且更加环保低毒,而高含量甲醇与丙酮及三氯甲基毒性大一些,对人体有害,从而选择V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=98∶2为更可靠的抽提试剂。     

含硫废水的理论分析及脱硫试验研究

以绿矾（FeSO4·7H2O）为药剂,对硫化物含量为1571.86mg/L、pH为9.5的模拟含硫废水进行脱硫试验。结果表明,在废水初始pH值为10,反应温度为35℃,绿矾投加量为16g/L时,可获得最佳脱硫效果,废水中硫化物去除率达99.69%,出水硫化物含量降至4.83mg/L。     

侧风干扰工况电动汽车EPS反向助力控制及试验

针对侧风干扰特殊工况下汽车产生沿侧向风作用方向的偏移,导致方向盘被动产生与车轮同向的偏转,影响汽车稳定性的问题,建立了EPS系统动力学模型和侧向风干扰下整车二自由度模型,设计了一种反向助力策略和柔性PID控制方法,在驾驶员无输入情况下实现反向助力控制,避免汽车过度偏驶。基于高速水流模拟侧风设计实车试验系统,结果表明:反向助力控制下,汽车中轴线到参考基准的平均侧向位移比正向助力控制和无助力控制时分别减小了176%和70%;在40 km/h试验时,反助力控制的横摆角速度、侧向加速度的峰值与平均值比无助力控制时降低了28%～32%,侧向位移减小了41%;显著改善了汽车的稳定姿态,获得了更好的操纵稳定性。     

An integrated impact assessment of hydrogen as a future energy carrier in Nigeria's transportation,energy and power sectors

A hydrogen economy, the long-term goal of visionary nations, has the potential to provide energy security, along with environmental and economic benefits. The concept of a hydrogen energy economy was first conceived at The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) Conference, held in March 1974 in Miami, Florida, where the International Association for Hydrogen Energy was established. Forty years later, advances in hydrogen technologies have led the world's most developed countries to invest extensively in preparation for a future hydrogen-based economy. However, the transition from a conventional petroleum-based energy economy to a hydrogen economy involves many uncertainties regarding concerns such as the development of efficient fuel cell technologies, problems in hydrogen production and distribution infrastructure, hydrogen safety issues, and the response of carbon-based fuel markets. This paper presents an assessment of the economic impact of hydrogen energy on the transportation and energy use sectors of Nigeria, along with implications for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The analysis uses the Long range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) technology database and model to simultaneously consider the impact of alternative and conventional technologies and fuels on these sectors.     

Hydrogen energy's key contributions to the sustainable energy mix of a low-carbon future in Nigeria

During the period between 2001 and 2007, oil prices increased from $20 to $140 per barrel, making oil prices higher than at any period in the twenty-first century. This was invariably good in gross domestic product terms for Nigeria which most regrettably, has continued to be a monoproduct oil economy since oil production started in the 1960s, with no value addition to the crude oil export. Indeed, the country still imports refined products to meet her domestic requirements, over 50 years after the first oil wells were drilled at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta region. Nigeria's proven oil reserves are reported as 36.2 billion barrels as at the end of 2010, with an R/P ratio of 42.4 and contributing 2.7% of world oil output (http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf). While estimates indicate that the world has 43.44 years left of this non-renewable resource (http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2008/STAGING/local_assets/2010_downloads/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2010.pdf); with all assumptions associated with such estimates, upstream resource investment continues at the exploration end, and in Nigeria, new findings are frequently being announced which make the total resource estimate to be rather dynamic, as expected. An envisaged future built on hydrogen energy is known as the hydrogen economy since it has impacts on the economy, environment and society. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of ‘raw materials’, some of which are abundantly available in Nigeria and they include natural gas, coal, biomass, agricultural and municipal wastes, and ocean water using energy from the sun and the wind. In light of the ongoing developments in the energy sector in Nigeria, the focus of this present review is to analyse the current energy situation with a view to estimating the potentials and implications of a hydrogen economy for Nigeria. Several issues and constraints are considered such as population growth, urbanisation, the transportation sector, production of hydrogen from fossil fuels as a short-term measure to developing a hydrogen infrastructure and ultimately clean production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. This paper describes a future hydrogen economy from a climate change perspective that is based on production processes that have zero or near zero-carbon emissions to the environment. The economic impact aspects are, however, not addressed in this work. Nonetheless, the review provides a detailed and realistic assessment of the prospects of a hydrogen economy for a future low-carbon growth path for Nigeria.     

柱前衍生法测定4-甲基咪唑条件的研究

用丹磺酰氯(Dns-Cl)柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法来测定4-甲基咪唑.研究了衍生试剂的用量、缓冲体系的PH值、衍生时间等条件的变化对衍生反应的影响,得到了用丹磺酰氯对4-甲基咪唑的最佳衍生条件为最佳衍生条件为:加入100倍的丹磺酰氯在pH10.0的溶液中反应40 min.     

新型抗氧化剂芝麻酚抗氧化活性研究

以油脂过氧化值(POV)为指标,研究合成芝麻酚的抗氧化活性。于底物油样中分别添加不同量的芝麻酚,60℃恒温保存,考察底物过氧化值的变化;同时以相同浓度的PG和BHT作对照,对芝麻酚、PG和BHT三者的抗氧化效果进行了比较。结果显示,合成芝麻酚对植物油花生油和动物油猪油均表现出了良好的抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性介于BHT和PG之间。     

小波实时阈值消噪在信号分析中的应用

针对小波阈值法不能实现在线消噪的缺陷,提出了一种基于滑动窗口思想的实时小波消噪算法.通过在Matlab中建立小波实时消噪算法S函数,并进行了含白噪声的矩形波信号消噪仿真实验,计算结果表明,小波实时阈值算法显著降低了数据信号中的噪声水平,为时变、非线性复杂系统实时消噪提供了一种新的方法.     

仪器联用技术在As、Hg、Se形态分析中的应用研究进展

随着时代发展和仪器分析技术的进步,微量重金属元素As、Hg、Se等对健康的影响越来越受民众关注,在各种“超标事件”层出不穷的今天,元素形态分析技术的发展具有重要意义。联用技术集高效分离与高灵敏度检测技术于一体,是形态分析技术发展的必然趋势。本文围绕As、Hg、Se元素的形态分析对现代常用的仪器联用技术及相应的样品预处理技术进行综述,并讨论各种方法的优缺点和未来元素形态分析的发展前景,为研究者检测元素形态方法的选择提供参考。     

雷击对电力系统二次设备的干扰及预防措施

从工程实践的角度阐明雷击对电力系统二次设备的干扰,并针对地网、电缆沟、接地线、高频通道、网络线、电源6个方面提出防雷抗干扰措施,并指明雷击后事故分析的重要性和必要性。