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111.
Jing Hu Pengfei Liu Bernhard Steinauer 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》2017,11(3):329-337
The aim of this paper is investigating the microstructural characteristics of asphalt mixture under different compaction powers. In order to achieve this aim, a test track was built to provide asphalt mixture specimens and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) device was used to scan the internal structure. The aggregate particles and air-voids were extracted using Digital Image Processing (DIP), so the relationship between compaction and air-voids was determined at first, and then, the effect of aggregate particles on the morphology of air-voids can be evaluated, finally, fatigue properties of asphalt mixture with different air-void ratio were measured by indirect tensile fatigue test as well. The research results release the distribution of microstructures in asphalt pavement. 3D fractal dimension is an effective indicator to quantize the complexity of aggregate particles and air-voids; suffering the same compaction power, aggregates cause different constitutions of air-voids in asphalt mixture; investigation in this paper can present the essential relationship between microstructures and fatigue properties. 相似文献
112.
Organometallic DNA–B12 Conjugates as Potential Oligonucleotide Vectors: Synthesis and Structural and Binding Studies with Human Cobalamin-Transport Proteins 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Elena Mutti Dr. Miriam Hunger Dr. Sergey Fedosov Prof. Dr. Ebba Nexo Prof. Dr. Bernhard Kräutler 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2017,18(22):2280-2291
The synthesis and structural characterization of Co-(dN)25-Cbl (Cbl: cobalamin; dN: deoxynucleotide) and Co-(dN)39-Cbl, which are organometallic DNA–B12 conjugates with single DNA strands consisting of 25 and 39 deoxynucleotides, respectively, and binding studies of these two DNA–Cbl conjugates to three homologous human Cbl transporting proteins, transcobalamin (TC), intrinsic factor (IF), and haptocorrin (HC), are reported. This investigation tests the suitability of such DNA–Cbls for the task of eventual in vivo oligonucleotide delivery. The binding of DNA–Cbl to TC, IF, and HC was investigated in competition with either a fluorescent Cbl derivative and Co-(dN)25-Cbl, or radiolabeled vitamin B12 (57Co-CNCbl) and Co-(dN)25-Cbl or Co-(dN)39-Cbl. Binding of the new DNA–Cbl conjugates was fast and tight with TC, but poorer with HC and IF, which extends a similar original finding with the simpler DNA–Cbl, Co-(dN)18-Cbl. The contrasting affinities of TC versus IF and HC for the DNA–Cbl conjugates are rationalized herein by a stepwise mechanism of Cbl binding. Critical contributions to overall affinity result from gradual conformational adaptations of the Cbl-binding proteins to the DNA–Cbl, which is first bound to the respective β domains. This transition is fast with TC, but slow with IF and HC, with which weaker binding results. The invariably tight interaction of the DNA–Cbl conjugates with TC makes the Cbl moiety a potential natural vector for the specific delivery of oligonucleotide loads from the blood into cells. 相似文献
113.
114.
This paper examines the performance of cascade‐aerated facultative ponds in a waste stabilisation pond (WSP) installation in the United Kingdom. The pond system is privately owned and treats wastewater from a conference centre with a population equivalent between 20 and 40. A snapshot analysis investigates the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, SS, FC and nutrients. Further, the oxygen supply through ‘flow form’ cascades is examined, and the DO concentrations, surface loads and retention times are discussed. The results show a very high removal of BOD, COD and SS; and nutrient removal is satisfactory. An unusual finding is that the FC removal efficiency is almost two log units better than for a common maturation pond. This is possibly attributable to the high cascade flow, where wastewater is exposed to the damaging effects of sunlight (photo‐oxidation). 相似文献
115.
Instability during cohesive zone growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tensile microcracking of quasi-brittle materials is studied by means of micromechanics, based on (i) an elasto-damaging cohesive zone model accounting for cohesive softening and (ii) a dilute distribution of non-interacting microcracks of uniform orientation and size. Considering virgin microcracks (initially without cohesive zones), macroscopic tensile load increase results in growth of cohesive zones ahead of stationary (non-propagating) cracks and, subsequently, in crack propagation which, notably, will be encountered before the cohesive zones are fully developed i.e. onset of instable cohesive zone growth will be encountered at a load level (i) at which tractions are still transmitted across the inner edges of the cohesive zones and (ii) at which the separation at the inner edges of the cohesive zones is smaller than its critical value. Focusing on onset of instable cohesive zone growth, the chosen approach allows for accessing quantities characterizing the stability limit (e.g., the intensity of the macroscopic loading and the opening at the inner edges of the cohesive zones), without raising the need for non-linear Finite Element analyses. It is shown that the tensile macrostrength of materials containing virgin microcracks is larger than the one related to cracks with already initially fully developed cohesive zones, and related strength differences are quantified for a wide class of cohesive softening behavior. The proposed model is validated by comparing model predictions with an exact solution (available for the special case of constant cohesive tractions) and with results from reliable Finite Element analyses. The paper will be of interest for engineers involved in testing and/or in modeling of quasi-brittle media including cementitious materials and rock. 相似文献
116.
Frank Wittbracht Alexander Weddemann Bernhard Eickenberg Andreas Hütten 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2012,13(4):543-554
This review article will summarize recent developments in the employment of dipolar coupled magnetic particle structures. We will discuss the basics of magnetic dipolar particle interaction in static and rotating magnetic fields. In dependence on the magnetic fields employed, agglomerates of different dimensionality may form within the carrier liquid. The stability and formation dynamics of these particle structures will be presented. Furthermore, we will review recent microfluidic applications based on the interaction of magnetic particles and present methods for surface patterning with micron-sized and nano-sized particles which employ dipolar particle coupling. 相似文献
117.
Bernhard Atorf Simon Friesen Roman Rennerich Holger Mühlenbernd Thomas Zentgraf Heinz Kitzerow 《Polymer Science Series C》2018,60(1):55-62
A switchable metasurface composed of plasmonic split ring resonators and a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phase is developed. Owing to field-induced birefringence (electro-optic Kerr effect), the state of polarization of the incident near infrared radiation changes, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal. Thus, different resonant modes of the split ring resonators can be addressed and the transmission spectrum changes accordingly. In comparison with other liquid crystal phases, blue phases have several advantages. For example, they are optically isotropic in the field-off state, so that no alignment layer is required. The results of the present study indicate that the advantages of these mesophases can be utilized for switchable metasurfaces. 相似文献
118.
Guido Radtke Klaus Knop Bernhard C. Lippold 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(3):287-296
ABSTRACTThe manufacture of slow-release matrix pellets with an aqueous dispersion of quaternary poly(meth)acrylates was investigated in the rotary fluidized bed. By considering the moisture content of the fluidized bed to be the key process parameter, it was measured on-line throughout the whole manufacturing process. A specially designed sampling device opened new ways to apply NIR spectrometry in laboratory scale processes. It was shown that reproducibly improved pellet properties can be achieved by reproducing the moisture content of the (rotary) fluidized bed. Moisture plateaus proved to be a suitable way to optimize the sphericity of the pellets. Premoisturizing was found to be a very effective tool to achieve slow-release dissolution of the model drug theophylline. 相似文献
119.
Sabrina Reich Dr. Hans Wolfgang Hoeffken Dr. Bettina Rosche Dr. Bettina M. Nestl Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hauer 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2012,13(16):2400-2407
The crystal structure of the “ene” nicotinamide‐dependent cyclohexenone reductase (NCR) from Zymomonas mobilis (PDB ID: 4A3U) has been determined in complex with acetate ion, FMN, and nicotinamide, to a resolution of 1.95 Å. To study the activity and enantioselectivity of this enzyme in the bioreduction of activated α,β‐unsaturated alkenes, the rational design methods site‐ and loop‐directed mutagenesis were applied. Based on a multiple sequence alignment of various members of the Old Yellow Enzyme family, eight single‐residue variants were generated and investigated in asymmetric bioreduction. Furthermore, a structural alignment of various ene reductases predicted four surface loop regions that are located near the entrance of the active site. Four NCR loop variants, derived from loop‐swapping experiments with OYE1 from Saccharomyces pastorianus, were analysed for bioreduction. The three enzyme variants, P245Q, D337Y and F314Y, displayed increased activity compared to wild‐type NCR towards the set of substrates tested. The active‐site mutation Y177A demonstrated a clear influence on the enantioselectivity. The loop‐swapping variants retained reduction efficiency, but demonstrated decreased enzyme activity compared with the wild‐type NCR ene reductase enzyme. 相似文献
120.
Klaus-Peter Hinz Raimund Kaufmann Bernhard Spengler 《Aerosol science and technology》2013,47(4):233-242
ABSTRACT The instrumental setup used for simultaneous bipolar ion detection in on-line single-particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry is described. Particle size calibration has been performed using aerodynamic time-of-flight techniques. Mass spectra of several hundred ambient particles with aerodynamic diameters of 0.8 μm have been evaluated for statistical classification (Principal Components Analysis [PCA]) in order to identify main chemical components of the prominent particle classes. 相似文献