Poly(l-lactic acid)/alkali lignin composites: properties,biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial behavior

In this study, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)/low molar mass alkali lignin (aL) (1%, 5% and 10% w/w) composites were prepared primarily for a comprehensive understanding of the effect of aL on their antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility and cytotoxic behavior. The properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical, water vapor barrier properties and photodegradability were analyzed as well. The results showed a significant inhibiting effect of aL on the crystallization behavior of PLA, increased water barrier properties (up to 73%) and photodegradability. PLA/aL composites showed a tenfold reduction in Gram-positive bacteria viability, very good cellular response and very low cytotoxicity levels, thus validating these materials as non-cytotoxic and with high potential to be used as food packaging.

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Seismic Fragility of Steel Piping System Based on Pipe Size,Coupling Type,and Wall Thickness

In this study, a probabilistic framework of the damage assessment of pipelines subjected to extreme hazard scenario was developed to mitigate the risk and enhance design reliability. Nonlinear 3D finite element models of T-joint systems were developed based on experimental tests with respect to leakage detection of black iron piping systems, and a damage assessment analysis of the vulnerability of their components according to nominal pipe size, coupling type, and wall thickness under seismic wave propagations was performed. The analysis results showed the 2-inch schedule 40 threaded T-joint system to be more fragile than the others with respect to the nominal pipe sizes. As for the coupling types, the data indicated that the probability of failure of the threaded T-joint coupling was significantly higher than that of the grooved type. Finally, the seismic capacity of the schedule 40 wall thickness was weaker than that of schedule 10 in the 4-inch grooved coupling, due to the difference in the prohibition of energy dissipation. Therefore, this assessment can contribute to the damage detection and financial losses due to failure of the joint piping system in a liquid pipeline, prior to the decision-making.     

多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉操作温度的控制

介绍了多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉工艺流程及气化炉炉温控制的重要性。分析了气化炉炉温控制的影响因素，介绍了多喷嘴对置式新型气化炉装置操作温度的控制方法，并阐述了更换煤种和炉壁超温工况下的炉温调整方法。     

Biobased poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s: From synthesis using highly purified 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid to thermo-mechanical properties

To synthesize high quality (co)polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FA), an acetic acid refluxing/pH-swing method was proposed to purify FA. 2-Carboxyl furfural and other impurities were removed completely from FA with this method. Using highly purified FA, biobased polyester poly(butylene furnadicarboxylate) (PBF) and aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxy-late)s (PBAFs) were synthesized via melt (co)polycondensation. The (co)polyesters were characterized with GPC, FTIR, ¹H NMR, DSC and TGA, and their tensile mechanical properties were also assessed. The copolyesters possess random chain structure, monomer feed ratio-controlled copolymer composition and excellent thermal stability (T_d,5% > 340 °C) in full composition range. Both BA-rich and BF-rich PBAFs are crystalline polymers. The crystallizability decreases with composition, up to nearly amorphous at moderate ?_BF (40–60%). PBAFs with ?_BF no more than 50% exhibit obvious high-elastic deformation and rebound resilience, and possess tensile properties (E 18–160 MPa, σ_b 9–17 MPa, ε_b 370–910%) comparable to poly(butylene adipate). PBAFs with higher ?_BF behave like nonrigid plastics with low tensile moduli (42–110 MPa), moderate strength (30–42 MPa) and high elongation at break (310–470%). In comparison, PBF is a strong and tough thermoplastic having balanced mechanical properties, namely, much higher tensile modulus (1.9 GPa) and strength (56 MPa) and high elongation at break (260%). It seems necessary and effective to use highly purified FA for synthesizing high performance FA-derived (co)polyesters.     

基于光散射的实时气溶胶粒子形状识别技术研究

利用米氏散射理论和时域有限差分(FDTD)软件计算了不同大小、形状和折射率粒子的前向散射光场分布,分析了通过光强度分布和非对称因子反演粒子相关信息、区分粒形的可行性。研制了一台利用增强型CCD相机在线采集单个气溶胶粒子在5°~19°前向散射角范围内光场图样的装置。8μm粒径的聚苯乙烯球形粒子散射图样实验结果与理论计算对比较为吻合,验证了该装置的有效性。应用该装置对不同形状的气溶胶粒子进行检测,结果表明能够从散射图像和反演计算结果区分出球形、杆状和其他形状粒子。     

移动式应急处理导试水厂的设计与开发

针对现有导试水厂存在的问题,设计并开发了高度集成、具有多种功能及全自动控制的移动式应急处理导试水厂。移动式应急处理导试水厂采用预处理+混凝沉淀过滤+臭氧活性炭+消毒的工艺,可为水厂运行及升级改造提供技术支持。简述了导试水厂的工艺流程及系统组成,重点阐述了导试水厂的单元系统设计,并介绍了导试水厂的应用情况。     

坝基不同倾角软弱夹层的破坏模式及D-C模型参数研究

坝基岩体中的软弱夹层对抗滑稳定影响重大,因此对其破坏模式及本构模型参数的研究具有重要意义。采用软弱夹层重塑样进行三轴压缩试验,下部未泥化部分采用泥化部分土掺入20%水泥代替,上部采用泥化部分土制样,泥化部分与未泥化部分交界面分别制成0°,30°,45°,60°倾斜面并作粗糙处理模拟实际界面特性。试验结果表明:含不同倾角结构面的软弱夹层试样临界角范围为58.3°～61.7°,当结构面倾角介于临界角范围之内时,软弱夹层试样沿结构面破坏,当结构面倾角位于临界角范围之外时,软弱夹层试样在上部泥化部分土中破坏;对软弱夹层试样三轴试验ε((σ_1-σ_3))–ε_1关系曲线进行线性拟合,结果表明,随围压增加,试样初始切线模量及极限破坏强度均增加,根据试验结果得出了相应的D-C模型参数并将其应用于坝基抗滑设计中,取得了良好效果。本研究成果对坝基软弱夹层的抗滑设计及同类软弱夹层工程性质的研究具有一定参考价值。     

正交异性钢桥面板结构体系的疲劳破坏模式和抗力评估

正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳问题属于包含多疲劳破坏模式的结构体系疲劳问题。基于这一本质特性,以典型的正交异性钢桥面板结构体系为研究对象,由结构体系的主导疲劳破坏模式出发,提出正交异性钢桥面板结构体系疲劳抗力评估的新方法。以纵肋与顶板焊接细节和纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节为主要研究对象,设计8个足尺节段模型,主要包括传统纵肋与顶板焊接细节、新型镦边纵肋与顶板焊接细节和纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节,通过模型试验研究了两类重要构造细节的主导疲劳破坏模式和实际疲劳抗力,在此基础上结合切口应力评估方法探讨正交异性钢桥面板构造细节切口应力S-N曲线方程、结构体系的主导疲劳破坏模式等关键问题。研究结果表明：传统纵肋与顶板焊接细节和新型镦边纵肋与顶板焊接细节的主导疲劳破坏模式均为疲劳裂纹萌生于焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展,二者的实际疲劳抗力基本相同;纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节的疲劳破坏模式为焊趾开裂沿纵肋腹板方向扩展;对于研究对象而言,萌生于纵肋与顶板焊接细节焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展的疲劳破坏模式为控制结构体系疲劳抗力的主导疲劳破坏模式。